reduction of exhaust emissions is a major research task in diesel engine development in view of increasing concerns regarding environmental protection and stringent exhaust gas regulations. simultaneousreduction of nox emissions and particulate matter is quite difficult due to the soot/nox trade-off and isoften accompanied by fuel consumption penalties. towards this aim, automotive engineers ha...

in this work we deal with the question: how can one improve the approximation level for some nonlinear integral equations? good candidates for this aim are semi orthogonal b-spline scaling functions and their duals. although there are different works in this area, only b-spline of degree at most 2 are used for this approximation. here we compute b-spline scaling functions of degree 4 and their ...

the effect of ferrite grain size on the fatigue and tensile properties of dual phase steels with a 0.25 volumefraction of martensite (vm) under different heat treatments was investigated. the heat treatments werehomogenized at 1200 oc along with several subsequent normalizations at 910 oc, resulting in differentmicrostructures and mechanical properties. after heat treatment, the obtained steels...

  In present PET/CT scanners, PET attenuation correction is performed by relying on the information given by CT scan. In the CT-based attenuation correction methods, dual-energy technique (DECT) is the most accurate approach, which has been limited due to the increasing patient dose. In this feasibility study, we have introduced a new method that can implement dual-en...

‎We present an application of the dual Gabor frames to image‎ ‎processing‎. ‎Our algorithm is based on finding some dual Gabor‎ ‎frame generators which reconstructs accurately the elements of the‎ ‎underlying Hilbert space‎. ‎The advantages of these duals‎ ‎constructed by a polynomial of Gabor frame generators are compared‎ ‎with their canonical dual‎.

background one of the most important causes of mortality in developed and developing countries is coronary artery disease. coronary artery disease (cad) may develop by deposition of lipid, fibrous or calcified debris on the surface of the coronary artery lumen. fibrous plaque and calcified plaque may cause substantial stenosis of coronary arteries leading to ischemia of heart muscle while lipid...

Let Fq be a finite field of cardinality q, R = Fq[u]/〈u 〉 = Fq+uFq+u 2 Fq+u 3 Fq (u = 0) which is a finite chain ring, and n be a positive integer satisfying gcd(q, n) = 1. For any δ, α ∈ F×q , an explicit representation for all distinct (δ + αu)-constacyclic codes over R of length n is given, and the dual code for each of these codes is determined. For the case of q = 2 and δ = 1, all self-dua...

In a novel dual bed reactor Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was studied by using two diffrent cobalt catalysts. An alkali-promoted cobalt catalyst was used in the first bed of a fixed-bed reactor followed by a Rutenuim promoted cobalt catalyst in the second bed. The activity, product selectivity and accelerated deactivation of the system were assessed and compared with a conventional single bed r...