Dry eye syndrome is a painful condition caused by inadequate or altered tear film on the ocular surface. Primary afferent cool cells innervating the cornea regulate the ocular fluid status by increasing reflex tearing in response to evaporative cooling and hyperosmicity. It has been proposed that activation of corneal cool cells via a transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel ag...

Glaucoma is a common cause of irreversible blindness with increasing prevalence. Some of glaucoma patients will also experience dry eye. Dry eye is the most frequent side effect related to benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-containing eye drop used for glaucoma patients. In addition, glaucoma and dry eyes have shared risk factors that are old age and female. Dry eye among glaucoma patients need to be ...

PURPOSE Because dry eye greatly reduces quality of life, this study aimed to examine rebamipide instillation in patients with dry eye and assess the improvement of signs and symptoms as evaluated with the Ocular Surface Disease Index, which is the most popular index and is highly reliable. METHODS From June 2013 through January 2014, we examined 50 eyes of 25 patients with dry eye (6 men and ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the incidence and severity pattern of dry eye after phacoemulsification. SETTING King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. DESIGN Prospective descriptive study. METHODS Samples were collected from ninety-two uncomplicated cataract patients who were 18 years old or older. Dry eye incidence and pattern were analyzed at days 0, 7, 30 and 90 after phacoemuls...

PURPOSE Dry eye syndrome is one of the most common pathological manifestations in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). When dry eye occurs in association with cGVHD, the local inflammation is secondary to the systemic onset of inflammation. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling is thought to be essential for the inflammatory response and for immune disorders. The aim of this...

PURPOSE To improve understanding of dry eye disease and highlight a subgroup of patients who have a component of central sensitization and neuropathic pain contributing to their condition. METHODS Prospective, cross-sectional, IRB-approved study comparing isolated dry eye disease (n=48) to fibromyalgia (positive control; n=23) and healthy (negative control; n=26) individuals with ocular surfa...

PURPOSE To evaluate the incidence of dry eye in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with or without Sjögren syndrome (SS), and to investigate the correlation between dry eye and RA activity. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. METHODS In 72 RA patients, the severity of dry eye was assessed by the Schirmer test, tear break-up time, rose bengal staining, and fluorescein staining. The RA act...

The clinical perspective that dry eye is, at best, an incomplete diagnosis and the benefit of an etiology-based approach to dry eye are presented. To provide context for this perspective, the historical and current definition of dry eye is reviewed. The paradigm shift introduced by the Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) Workshop, that MGD is likely the leading cause of dry eye, is discussed in c...

AIM To discuss the clinical characteristics of immune-related dry eye. METHODS Simple dry eye (SDE) group: we selected 224 patients of simple dry eye with no systemic lesions. Immune-related dry eye (IRDE) group: we selected 207 patients of dry eye complicated with immune system diseases, including 70 cases of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), 72 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 65 cas...

Purpose: To study the prevalence of dry eye in a hospital based population of rural setup and to evaluate its association with various risk factors. Material and Methods: In this cross sectional study, patients above 20 years of age were screened randomly for dry eye. An 8 points questionnaires, slit lamp examination of meibomian glands, tear film breakup time, fluorescein staining of cornea, s...