conclusions administration of aeds in general and levetiracetam in particular should be based on attention to pharmacokinetic behavior in terms of monotherapy or polypharmacy. case presentation two cases were studied, one patient was a 32-year-old male and the other was a 14-year-old female. the key words relevant to search topics were surveyed using pubmed (united states national library of me...

the administration of b-interferon is a recognized treatment for multiple sclerosis. the frequency of side effects is an important factor in drug or product selection. in this study, the side effects of three available b-interferon products are compared in 122 multiple sclerosis patients who were treated with b-interferon products for at least three months and had the expanded disability status...

Tenofovir is an antiviral agent prescribed for patients suffering from hepatitis B. It is associated with some side effects such as reduction in the level of patients’ adherence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist consultation on patients’ adherence to the use of Tenofovir. In this prospective study, a total of 80 patients were enrolled into the study and we...

clozapine is the first antipsycotic drug with a great efficacy. thirty to fifty percent of treatment-resistant schizophrenics markedly improved with clozapine. approximately, 25% of long-term patients, treated with clozapine, could be discharged. this improvement included negative as well as positive symptom areas. clozapine produced no extrapyramidal side effects. tardive dyskinesia, a major s...

Tetracycline (TC) is a broad spectrum of antibiotic which is used to cure infectious diseases and cancer. It can cause harmful side effects due to its high absorption in all organs. On the other hand graphene is appropriate to carry drug and release it to special target, organ or cell. It may decrease the side effects of the drug dramatically by using low dosage of medicine. Graphene oxide (GO)...

The detection of Adverse Drug Events (ADE) or side effects of different drugs are necessary to minimize potential health risks of patients. Given the prevalence of user reported contents on Twitter and various health forums, recent research has focused on the automatic discovery of potential side effects of drugs from these online platforms. However, it is not clear if these reported side effec...

In pharmacology, it is essential to identify the molecular mechanisms of drug action in order to understand adverse side effects. These adverse side effects have been used to infer whether two drugs share a target protein. However, side-effect similarity of drugs could also be caused by their target proteins being close in a molecular network, which as such could cause similar downstream effect...