The experimental measurement and modeling of liquid chemical agent spread and sorption on a porous substrate are described. Experimental results with the nerve agent O-ethyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothiolate (VX) demonstrate that the wetted imprint volume increases, even after the sessile drop volume is exhausted. This indicates the wetted imprint is only partially saturated, ...

each year, millions of liters of toxic liquid, are used to combat with pests and plant diseases in farms. the wide spread use of chemical pesticides causes great environmental hazards. particles drift is one of the main problems in spraying which results in the contamination of farm lands, humans and animals. management of particle size is regarded as the main factor in drift control. in this s...

background: in the recent years nanostructured materials have been the focus of researches due to their wide-spread possibilities to provide new shapes and structures for some materials. microemulsions can provide uniform nano-sized droplets for templating. microemulsions are isotropic, thermodynamically-stable systems of oil, water and surfactant with a 20-200 nm droplet size. they can be prep...

[1] Aerosols act as cloud condensation nuclei for cloud water droplets, with changes in aerosol concentrations having significant impacts on the corresponding cloud properties. An increase in aerosol concentration may lead to an increase in CCN, with an associated decrease in cloud droplet size for a given cloud liquid water content. Smaller droplet sizes may then lead to a reduction in precipi...

OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the efficacy of medical masks and respirators in protecting against respiratory infections using pooled data from two homogenous randomised control clinical trials (RCTs). METHODS The data collected on 3591 subjects in two similar RCTs conducted in Beijing, China, which examined the same infection outcomes, were pooled. Four interventions were compared: (i) conti...

Applying a voltage difference between a conductor and a sessile droplet sitting on a thin dielectric film separating it from the conductor will cause the drop to spread. When the conductor is a good metal, the change of the drop’s contact angle due to the voltage is given the Young-Lippmann equation. Here we report experiments with lightly-doped, single crystal silicon as the conductive electro...

Proper estimation of droplet growth rate plays a crucial role on appropriate prediction of supersonic separators performance for separation of fine droplets from a gas stream. Up to now, all available researches employ empirical or semi-empirical correlations to define the relationship between droplet growth rate (dr/dt) and other operating variables such as temperatures (T and TL), Pressure (P...

Droplet impact dynamics is an interfacial phenomenon that shown everywhere in nature and the underlying of numerous technological applications including bio-printing, tissue engineering, pharmaceuticals, fight against COVID-19 pandemic, smart biomaterials, flexible electronics. Over last decade, expeditious advancement novel functional surfaces, high-speed visualization, nanoscience, nanotechno...

Micro-structured surfaces can affect heat transfer mechanisms because of enlarged specific surface areas. However, employing the Leidenfrost effect during liquid nitrogen (LN2) droplet cooling a heated micro-structured possessing fin with spacing much smaller than diameter has not yet been explored. In present work, direct numerical simulation (DNS) is carried out to investigate LN2 droplet, wh...