The massive fluctuations occurring in Russian alcohol-related mortality since the mid-1980s cannot be seen outside of the context of great social and economic change. There is a dearth of qualitative studies about Russian male drinking and especially needed are those that address social processes and individual changes in drinking. Conducted as part of a longitudinal study on men's alcohol cons...

OBJECTIVE To investigate drinking patterns and gender differences in alcohol-related problems in a Brazilian population, with an emphasis on the frequency of heavy drinking. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with a probability adult household sample (n = 1,464) in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Alcohol intake and ICD-10 psychopathology diagnoses were assessed with the Composite In...

background: the environmental degradation products of pesticides may enter drinking water and result in serious health problems. objective: to evaluate the occurrence of insecticides in drinking surface and ground water in dakahlyia governorate, northern egypt in 2011. methods: we studied blood samples collected from 36 consecutive patients diagnosed with pesticides poisoning and 36 tap drinkin...

BACKGROUND A number of college presidents have endorsed the Amethyst Initiative, a call to consider lowering the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA). Our objective is to forecast the effect of the Amethyst Initiative on college drinking. METHODS A system model of college drinking simulates MLDA changes through (i) a decrease in heavy episodic drinking (HED) because of the lower likelihood of st...

1. Internal as well as external factors affecting water ingestion in the eel were analysed using oesophagus-cannulated eels. 2. Acute withdrawal of the blood induced an immediate drinking response in the freshwater eel, whereas infusion of a large amount of hypertonic saline interrupted the copious drinking observed in the seawater eel. 3. The freshwater eel responded to slow infusion of hypert...