Contrast-enhanced MRI lymphography shows potential to identify alterations in lymph drainage through lymph nodes (LNs) in cancer and other diseases. MRI studies have typically used low molecular weight gadolinium contrast agents, however larger gadolinium-loaded nanoparticles possess characteristics that could improve the specificity and sensitivity of lymphography. The performance of three gad...

BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is known to be produced by progressor tumors and to immobilize dendritic cells (DCs) within those tumors. Moreover, although TGF-β1 has been shown to promote tumor progression, there is still no direct, in vivo evidence as to whether TGF-β1 is able to directly induce distant metastasis. METHODS To address that issue and investigate the mechanism b...

nowadays, tube bonding in vehicles structure is noticeably considered by many researches. in this paper, local tube compression process by a rubber ring has been studied. firstly, simulation of the process was performed by fem. then, experimental test has been carried out to validate the numerical results. numerical and experimental results were compared showing a good agreement. in the second ...

A 50-year-old man was treated with stereotactic gamma knife radiosurgery for an incidentally detected small callosal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with stenosis of the main draining pathway. He suffered two episodes of intraventricular hemorrhage at 4 and 14 weeks after the radiosurgery. Radiological studies demonstrated that the anterior portion of the draining system including a varix, whi...

PARTIAL anomalous pulmoniary venous drainage wvith ani intact iinteratrial septLm associated with mitral stenosis represents an uncommon but interesting hemodynamic problem. There have been 12 such cases published in the literature, 1(0 of which three were diagnosed at autopsy.' 2 The initial clinical diagnosis has usuially been that of Lutembacher's syndrome.4 7, The present case is reported b...

The adaptive immune system provides critical defense against pathogenic bacteria. Commensal bacteria have begun to receive much attention in recent years, especially in the gut where there is growing evidence of complex interactions with the adaptive immune system. In the present study, we observed that commensal skin bacteria are recognized by major populations of T cells in skin-draining lymp...

PURPOSE Trafficking of corneal antigen-presenting cells (APC) to draining lymph nodes (LN) is critical in triggering immune responses. However, very little is known about the molecular regulation of this pathway. We investigated the expression and function of the chemokine receptor CCR7 in mediating corneal APC migration in inflammation. METHODS Expression of CCR7 and its ligands, CCL21 and C...