A mandibular second premolar with four canals is an interesting example of anatomic variations. This report describes a case of a mandibular second premolar with three roots and four canals (one mesiobuccal, two distobuccal and one lingual). The canals were prepared using K-files and irrigated with NaOCl (5.25%) and normal saline as the final irrigant. The canals were filled laterally with gutt...

to know the water quality characteristics of tehran subterranean canals, from 20 feb. 1978 to 23 sept. 1978, samples were taken from 23 of them by simple random sampling without replacement, and were analyzed according to the 14th edition of standards method for the examination of water and waste water 1975. arithmetic average concentration of water analyses of 23 subterranean canals were drawn...

Aim of this paper was to investigate the particular anatomic features of the endodontic space of third molars in the general population of Croatia. A total of 106 fully developed third molars (56 maxillar and 50 mandibular) has been analyzed. The respective number of roots and of root canals, the structure of the roots, and the curvature and absolute length of the root-canals were analyzed. In ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this article was to investigate the distribution of endosseous bony canals in the anterior mandible using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred ninety-nine images based on CBCT of the anterior mandible were analyzed for the presence of endosseous canals. The bony canals were observed in relationship to the adjacent anatomical...

PURPOSE To investigate by means of CBCT the presence of lingual foramina and their bony canals in the midline of the mandible and to describe their anatomical characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS CBCT examinations of 36 patients were carefully examined in the median region of the mandible in order to detect the lingual foramina and their corresponding vascular canals. Their presence, number...

AIM To evaluate the effect of diode laser and ultrasonics with and without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the smear layer removal from root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 mandibular premolars were decoronated to working the length of 12 mm and prepared with protaper rotary files up to size F3. Group A canals irrigated with 1 ml of 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) follow...

A comparison of the pattern and timing of development of cranial lateral line canals and canal neuromasts in three species of Lake Malawi cichlids, Labeotropheus fuelleborni and Metriaclima zebra (narrow lateral line canals), and Aulonocara baenschi (widened lateral line canals) was used to test the hypothesis that the evolution of widened canals (thought to be an adaptive phenotype in the late...

INTRODUCTION File fracture is one of the main procedural mishaps in endodontic treatment. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the fracture rate of three NiTi rotary systems; Hero 642, Mtwo and FlexMaster in artificial canals. METHODS AND MATERIALS In this study, bovine long bone was used. After primary preparation of bones, longitudinal sections with 4-cm diameter were cut and encod...

The aim of the present study was to examine the morphology of root canals in premolar teeth with completely formed root apices. The material consisted of 139 extracted premolar teeth, including 83 first premolars (59.7%) and 56 second premolars (40.3%). Maxillary teeth made up 64% of the material and mandibular teeth 36%. In order to measure the actual root canal length an endodontic instrument...

AIM To compare the shaping ability of progressive versus constant taper shaft instruments in curved root canals of extracted human teeth. METHODOLOGY A total of 40 root canals of mandibular molars with curvatures ranging between 20 degrees and 40 degrees were divided into two groups of 20 canals each and embedded in a muffle system. The root canals sectioned horizontally at three levels befor...