BACKGROUND Right superior liver resection or bisegmentectomy 7-8 is defined as the anatomical removal of segments 7 and 8 of the liver. According to recent reports, this type of resection requires the presence of a large accessory right inferior hepatic vein to drain the remaining segment 6. However, anatomic studies have shown that segment 6 has multiple veins presenting several anastomosis wi...

The shoot apical meristem (SAM) of seed plants is the site at which lateral organs are formed. Once organ primordia initiate from the SAM, they establish polarity along the adaxial-abaxial, proximodistal and mediolateral axes. Among these three axes, the adaxial-abaxial polarity is of primary importance in leaf patterning. In leaf development, once the adaxial-abaxial axis is established within...

Venous air embolism is a rare complication during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). We report a case of air embolism during TURP under general anesthesia in a 56-year-old man. Incorrect assembly of the resectoscope-drain aspiration system caused rapid entrainment of air into the vein of the prostate bed. Rapid recognition of the condition and prompt treatment are required.

CT scans in four cases of chronic superior vena cava or left brachiocephalic vein obstruction demonstrate a systemic-to-cardiac collateral venous pathway through anastomoses between the pericardial branches of systemic veins and the presumed adventitial veins of the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. These adventitial veins then drain into tributaries of the anterior cardiac veins or ventricu...

Persistent left superior vena cava is the most common congenital venous abnormality of the thorax and has a prevalence of 0.5% among the general population.1 Other related malformations include absent right superior vena cava and presence of a left azygos vein. In these situations, the right side of the head and the right arm drain mainly through the innominate vein in the left superior vena ca...

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a left-to-right shunt where one or more, but not all, pulmonary veins drain into a systemic vein or the right atrium. We report a case of a 45-year-old male with PAPVR to superior vena cava which was incidentally discovered during a right lower bilobectomy for lung cancer.