Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) suggests that an investor’s cost of equity capital is determined by beta, a measure of systematic risk based on how returns co-move with the overall market. We propose to replace beta with downside beta, a measure more consistent with investors’ perception of risk. Recent empirical evidence suggests that downside beta better captures the risk-return relationsh...

In this paper, we show that risk vulnerability can be associatedwith the concept of downside risk aversion (DRA) and an assumption about its behavior, namely that it is decreasing inwealth. Specifically, decreasing downside risk aversion in the Arrow–Pratt and Ross senses are respectively necessary and sufficient for a zero-mean background risk to raise the aversion to other independent risks. ...

Is it possible to obtain an objective and quantifiable measure of risk backed up by choices made by some specific groups of rational investors? To answer this question, in this paper we establish some behavior foundations for various types of VaR models, including VaR and conditional-VaR, as measures of downside risk. Though supported to some extent with unanimous choices by some specific group...