Using the radiomimetic drug, bleomycin, we have determined the mutagenic potential of DNA strand breaks in the shuttle vector pZ189 in human fibroblasts. The bleomycin treatment conditions used produce strand breaks with 3'-phosphoglycolate termini as > 95% of the detectable dose-dependent lesions. Breaks with this end group represent 50% of the strand break damage produced by ionizing radiatio...

X double-stranded RNA is a deletion mutant of L-A double-stranded RNA and is encapsidated in viral particles by the L-A-encoded major coat protein. X double-stranded RNA has all the cis sites necessary to be transcribed, encapsidated, and replicated. We have cloned X double-stranded RNA and sequenced it. The complete X double-stranded RNA sequence deduced indicates that the first 25 bases of th...

RecA protein will bind to a gapped duplex DNA molecule and promote a DNA strand exchange with a second homologous linear duplex. A double-strand break in the second duplex is efficiently bypassed in the course of these reactions. We demonstrate that the bypass of double-strand breaks is not explained by a mechanism involving homologous interactions between two duplex DNA molecules, but instead ...

Epidermis has two physical barrier components, stratum corneum (SC) and tight junction (TJ). Formation of SC or cornification is initiated by the cell death top layer (SG1) granulosum, termed ‘corneoptosis’ after prolonged intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i) elevation (∼60min), followed rapid acidification. However, exact timing onset corneoptorsis remains to be clarified. In this study, we aimed deter...

The flow field, tracer dispersion and uniformity of strands in two designs four-strand tun-dishes under normal conditions single-strand blockage are studied by numerical simulation. casting speed (flow rate) increasing uniformly or non-uniformly to improve the strand condition. cases evaluated a novel outflow percentage analysis method. results show that field tundish does not change significan...

Recent observations imply that HIV-1 infection induces chromosomal DNA damage responses. However, the precise molecular mechanism and biological relevance are not fully understood. Here, we report that HIV-1 infection causes double-strand breaks in chromosomal DNA. We further found that Vpr, an accessory gene product of HIV-1, is a major factor responsible for HIV-1-induced double-strand breaks...

Bleomycins A5 and B2 were used to study the structural features in hairpin DNAs conducive to strong BLM-DNA interaction. Two members of a 10-hairpin DNA library previously found to bind most tightly to these BLMs were subsequently noted to share the sequence 5'-ACGC (complementary strand sequence 5'-GCGT). Each underwent double-strand cleavage at five sites within, or near, an eight base pair r...