For estimated values of the currents carried by extragalactic jets, current-driven electrostatic-waveand electromagnetic-wave-produced resistivities do not occur. Strong plasma double layers, however, may exist within self-maintained density cavities, the relativistic double-layer-emitted electron, and ion beams driving plasma-wave resistivities in the lowand high-potential plasma adjacent to t...

Double layers (i.e., electric fields parallel to B) form along auroral field lines in the Earth's magnetosphere. They form in order to maintain current continuity in the ionosphere in the presence of a magnetospheric electric field E with V • E 4: 0. Features which govern the formation of the double layers are: (1) the divergence of E, (2) the conductivity of the ionosphere, and (3) the current...

Double-MAMMOS is an excellent method to increase memory density for MO recording. This method modifies the usual MAMMOS technique by applying double recording layers. Written domains in each recording layer can be selectively copied and expanded in a reading layer. By this method, memory density can be doubled. However, it is necessary to record twice, recording separately into two layers. Ther...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of single (1 panel) vs. double (2 panels) phototherapy in reducing nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia in term newborns. METHODS Term newborns with hyperbilirubinemia were prospectively randomized to receive double or single phototherapy. Bilirubin levels were measured at admission and at 12-hour intervals, as well as at a follow-up 48 hours after discharge....

abstractbackgrounds: md-55-2 is one of the radiochromic film models with the sensitivity suitable for dose measurements ranging from 5 to 100 gy.  however, this lower limit makes the film impractical for its applications in many areas such as brachytherapy source dosimetry.materials and methods: in this project, the useful range of the film has been extended by using a multilayer film technique...

A new actinide borate phosphate, U2[BO4][PO4], was synthesized in a Walker-type multianvil apparatus at 12.5 GPa and 1000 °C. The crystal structure was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected at room temperature. U2[BO4][PO4] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with four formula units per unit cell and the lattice parameters a = 854.6(2), b = 775.3(2), c = 8...