background: various compounds of plant origin have been widely investigated since ancient times for their possible immunomodulatory properties as well as for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. objective: to study the immunomodulatory functions of the aqueous extract of the seeds of abrus precatorius commonly known as indian liquorice (fabaceae), a medicinal plant native to central india...

OBJECTIVE To examine costs, resource utilization, adherence, and hypoglycemic events among various doses of U-100 insulin regimens among elderly patients (age ≥65 years) diagnosed with diabetes. METHODS Truven Health Analytics Medicare databases from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2011 were utilized. General linear models with a gamma distribution and log link were used to examine costs...

INTRODUCTION Dose escalation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-blockers is poorly characterized in pharmacy benefit management (PBM) settings. METHODS This retrospective study used integrated pharmacy and medical claims from the PBM Medco to characterize dose escalation among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with etanercept and adalimumab. Data from adults with RA with pharmacy claim...

BACKGROUND The demand of improved dose conformity of the tumor has been increased in radiation therapy with the advent of recent imaging facilities and efficient computer technologies. AIM We compared the intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans delivered with the sliding window (SW IMRT) and step and shoot (SS IMRT) techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen patients were planned on 1...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The advancement of multidetector CT technology has resulted in improved image quality as well as an increase in ionizing radiation dose to patient. The purpose of this study was to assess radiation dose and overall image quality of CT examination of the neck between fixed-tube current and automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) at 2 separate noise index levels. MATERIA...

Background: Breast conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiotherapy (RT) has been widely accepted as the standard treatment in early stages of invasive breast cancer. The standard technique of RT includes whole breast irradiation (WBI). Additional tumor bed boost irradiation has also an important role in the local tumor control. But there are various controversial delivery methods. The aim of ...

introduction:  skin  sparing  is  one  of  the  most  desirable  characteristics  of  high  energy  photon  beams. however, the photons emerging from the target of linacs are contaminated by secondary  electrons  as  a  result  of  their  interactions  with  air,  collimators,  flattening  filter  and  any  other  objects in their path. this phenomenon tends to increase the skin dose received b...