CONTEXT Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder of childhood. There is considerable evidence that brain dopamine is involved in ADHD, but it is unclear whether dopamine activity is enhanced or depressed. OBJECTIVE To test the hypotheses that striatal dopamine activity is depressed in ADHD and that this contributes to symptoms of inattention. ...

Apomorphine is currently used as a dopamine agonist to treat advanced Parkinson Disease. In the present study, we developed sensitive, simple, reliable, and robust HPLC method for quality control of apomorphine hydrochloride in bulk drug pharmaceutical formulations. C18 column was separation. Isocratic elution performed using mobile phase A: 50 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (pH:3 w...

To assess the effects of a blockade of central D1- and D2-dopaminergic receptors on metabolic rate, heat balance and running performance, 10 nmol (2 microl) of a solution of the D(1) antagonist SCH-23390 hydrochloride (SCH, n = 6), D2 antagonist eticlopride hydrochloride (Eti, n = 6), or 2 microl of 0.15 M NaCl (SAL, n = 6) was injected intracerebroventricularly into Wistar rats before the anim...

Although the exact mechanism that makes bupropion hydrochloride (Zyban) effective as a smoking cessation aid has not been fully elucidated, studies have found that bupropion and nicotine share behavioural and neurophysiological properties suggesting that bupropion might serve as a substitute for nicotine. In fact, bupropion prompts nicotine-appropriate responding in operant and Pavlovian drug d...

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is observed in 3–9% of school-aged children and 4% of adults worldwide at higher rates in males than females (2.5:1) and in children older than 9years relative to younger children. Although family, twin, and adoption studies indicate high heritability (0.76), the mode of transmission is unknownbut suspected tobe polygenic. Molecular genetic studie...

A Japanese family with a novel nonsense mutation in the TITF-1 gene (p.Y98X) is described. The proband showed severe generalized chorea, delayed motor development, subnormal intelligence, congenital hypothyroidism, bronchial asthma, and a history of pulmonary infection, all of which are characteristic features of Brain-Thyroid-Lung syndrome. On the other hand, her brother and mother showed a mi...

citing role as increased levels of dopamine have been shown to cause choroidal vasodilation. The time course of effusion development in this case is similar to that with topiramate. This suggests that if bupropion use were causative, one of its major active metabolites, hydroxybupropion or theobupropion (both with half-lives similar to that of topiramate), may be responsible. Both metabolites i...

The currently available superhydrophobic coating techniques that utilize mussel-inspired polydopamine to construct hierarchical structures require multiply procedures and are time-consuming processes. Here, we propose an ultrasound-accelerated strategy various commercial sponges with hierarchically structured surfaces by briefly submerging into a slightly alkaline aqueous mixture comprising dop...