Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is an economically important pathogen of cattle worldwide. Infection of a pregnant animal may lead to persistent infection of the foetus and birth of a persistently infected (PI) calf that sheds the virus throughout its life. However, BVD viruses are not strictly species specific. BVDV has been isolated from many domesticated and wild ruminants. This is of pr...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus causes an acute vesicular disease of domesticated and wild ruminants and pigs. Identifying sources of FMD outbreaks is often confounded by incomplete epidemiological evidence and the numerous routes by which virus can spread (movements of infected animals or their products, contaminated persons, objects, and aerosols). Here, we show that the outbreaks of FMD i...

Capripoxviruses, comprising sheep pox virus, goat pox virus and lumpy skin disease virus cause serious diseases of domesticated ruminants, notifiable to The World Organization for Animal Health. This report describes the evaluation of a mobile diagnostic system (Enigma Field Laboratory) that performs automated sequential steps for nucleic acid extraction and real-time PCR to detect capripoxviru...

A new species, Cryptosporidium ubiquitum, previously identified as the Cryptosporidium cervine genotype and infrequently as the cervid, W4 or genotype 3 genotype, is described. In published studies this genotype was reported in wild and domesticated ruminants, rodents, carnivores and primates including humans. In the present study oocysts were found in feces from a captive prehensile-tailed por...

Bluetongue virus (BTV) causes infections in wild and domesticated ruminants with high morbidity and mortality and is responsible for significant economic losses in both developing and developed countries. BTV serves as a model for the study of other members of the Orbivirus genus. Previously, the importance of casein kinase 2 for BTV replication was demonstrated. To identify intracellular signa...

Introduction Intestinal coccidiosis, a contagious enteritis caused mainly by infection with the protozoan parasite Eimeria spp., occurs universally, affecting both domesticated and wild mammals. Overt disease with diarrhea, dysentery and even death, or chronic infection with symptoms of malnourishment, or subclinical infection with diminished weight gain, may be present within a group of affect...

Bedouin goats were fed on wheat straw as a single-component diet under two watering regimens, drinking once daily or once every 4 d, in order to clarify whether lignin-degradation products were absorbed, metabolized and excreted in urine. Acid-soluble lignin accounted for 220 g/kg total lignin, its digestibility was the highest (0.87) and was unaffected by water deprivation. Acid-insoluble lign...

responses to sugars in dry or liquid formvary from study to study. when fed in proper amounts, sugars should not depress ruminalph, and there is some evidence that they actuallyhelp toprevent a drop in ph after consuming largemeals of concentrate by maintaining a highernumberoflactate-fermenting bacteria. adding sugars doesprioritize the need for rumen degraded protein (rdp).we all know, sugars...

Domesticated animals are an important source of pathogens to endangered wildlife populations, especially when anthropogenic activities increase their overlap with humans and wildlife. Recent work in Tanzania reports the introduction of Cryptosporidium into wild chimpanzee populations and the increased risk of ape mortality associated with SIVcpz-Cryptosporidium co-infection. Here we describe th...

A wealth of plant species used by humans for different purposes, but mainly as food, originated and domesticated in the Mesoamerican region. Papaya (Carica papaya) is the third most cultivated tropical crop worldwide, and it has been hypothesized that Mesoamerica is the most likely center of its origin and domestication. In support of it, many wild populations of papaya occur throughout Mesoame...