This paper exposes the “roadmap” of how modern Islamist terrorism is financed, through both legitimate and illegitimate means: the networks and linkages between financing obtained on the one hand through sympathetic Islamic governments, Islamic charities and banks, seemingly legitimate businesses operating as fronts, and on the other hand through criminal activities running the full gamut from ...

Mumtaz Ahmad is professor in Hampton University’s Department of Political Science. A member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences’ “Fundamentalism Project,” Dr. Ahmad has been a Research Fellow at the Brookings Institution, a Fellow of the American Institute of Pakistan Studies and the International Institute of Islamic Thought, a Fulbright Professor in Bangladesh and Pakistan, and a Vis...

Ileum of Indian buffaloes was described to have both dome projections of lymphoid follicles of PP's of submucosa into mucous membrane and non-dome areas (Lalitha, 1993). Non-dome areas of ileal mucosa were represented by typical villi with associated lamina propria where lymphatics commence as lacteals (Trautmann and Fiebiger, 1957; Dellman, 1981). There is paucity of literature on the distribu...

The paper serves as background material for the review of debated issues and standpoints in the theory and application of Islamic economics, IE; and for discussion of fruitful research avenues in application of IE to modern economies. The focus is on six areas: (1) theory: links between IE and mainstream economics; while topics (2) to (6) treat applications of the given directives in Islamic ec...

Metaheuristic algorithms are preferred by the many researchers to reach the reliability based design optimization (RBDO) of truss structures. The cross-sectional area of the elements of a truss is considered as design variables for the size optimization under frequency constraints. The design of dome truss structures are optimized based on reliability by a popular metaheuristic optimization tec...

This paper introduces a computer-based tool for the analysis of the geometry and the daylighting of Byzantine church domes to facilitate experimentation with a number of cases before any fieldwork is undertaken. Starting with a geometric derivation of the relationship between dome parameters, the digital tool builds an interactive three-dimensional model of a Byzantine church dome. The model al...

This paper aims to examine e-business from Islamic perspectives. Among topics to be addressed in this paper, are e-business concepts, the legality of e-business from an Islamic point of view, prospects and challenges of Islamic e-business in a Malaysia context. This study introduces an Islamic e-business concept in addition to some interesting issues that can be found in this paper. In Islam, e...

A. R. Bozorgmanesh a , M. Otadi b, A. A. Safe Kordi c, F. Zabihi d, M. Barkhordari Ahmadi e (a) Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (b) Department of Chemical Engineering, Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (c) Department of Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (d) Department of ...

This paper presents a case series with preliminary data regarding the neurophysiological effects of specific prayer practices associated with the Islamic religion. Such practices, like other prayer practices, are likely associated with several coordinated cognitive activities and a complex pattern of brain physiology. However, there may also be changes specific to the goals of Islamic prayer wh...