The circuit of myenteric interneurons that regulate excitatory input to longitudinal colonic muscle was identified using dispersed ganglia and longitudinal muscle strips with adherent myenteric plexus from rat distal colon. The preparations enabled measurement of neurotransmitter release from interneurons and/or excitatory motoneurons innervating longitudinal muscle. 1,1-Dimethyl-4-phenylpiperi...

Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) can be used to reduce both NO3−-N leaching and N2O-N emissions. However, the comparative efficacies of NIs strongly affected by soil type. Therefore, four nitrification (dicyandiamide (DCD), 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), nitrogenous mineral fertilizers containing DMPP ammonium stabilizer (ENTEC) active ingredients: 3.00–3.25% 1, 2, 4-triazole 1.50–1.65% ...

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known metabolic disorder characteristic of developed countries and with high prevalence in children and adolescent. Recently, World Health Organization had indicated that DM is the world’s fastest-growing disease, being responsible for almost 3 million deaths worldwide per year. Type 1 and type 2 DM are both associated with a continuous hyperglycemic cond...

Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are useful tools to reduce nitrogen (N) losses derived from fertilization in agriculture. However, it remains unclear whether a future climate scenario with elevated CO2 could affect NIs efficiency. Thus, the objective of this work was study increase atmospheric concentration would efficiency two dimethylpyrazole-based NIs: 3,4-dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP) and...

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management in agricultural field affects soil N budget that can have significant implication greenhouse gas emission and environmental pollution. This study investigates the effects of nitrification inhibitors Dicyandiamide (DCD) 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP) with urea application on microbial community a subtropical pasture field. A experiment consisting four t...

Abstract Nitrogen (N) fertilization to crops might lead formation and release of reactive N—e.g. nitrate, ammonium, ammonia, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) —, contributing eutrophication, atmospheric pollution, climate change. Use nitrification inhibitors splitting N fertilizer may reduce the O emission from arable soils cropped with winter wheat. We tested different fertilizers treated 3,4-dimethylpyra...

Both, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) are commonly used as nitrogen (N) stabilizers, often in agriculture to reduce loss from soils by inhibiting soil nitrification slowing down urea hydrolysis, respectively. The current knowledge gap concerns how microbial communities involved N cycling affected the long-term use of DMPP NBPT. present field ...

Abstract Irrigated cotton in Australia is mainly grown on heavy textured soils which are prone to waterlogging, resulting significant losses of nitrogen (N) via denitrification and surface run-off. This study investigated fertiliser use efficiency (fNUE) over three seasons five commercial farms using the 15 N tracer technique. Fertiliser NUE was consistently low across all fertilised treatments...