In this paper, we derive lower bounds on optimal diversity-multiplexing tradeoff in multiple antenna channels when the transmitter has finite bits of channel state information. We show that for each multiplexing gain, the diversity order is higher than the case without feedback. Furthermore, as the number of feedback bits increases, the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff grows unboundedly to appro...

Diet guidelines recommend increasing dietary diversity. Yet, metrics for dietary diversity have neither been well-defined nor evaluated for impact on metabolic health. Also, whether diversity has effects independent of diet quality is unknown. We characterized and evaluated associations of diet diversity and quality with abdominal obesity and type II diabetes (T2D) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of ...

Bacterial abundance, biomass, cell volume, and morphological diversity were studied in sediment samples collected from the coastal area of the eastern mid Adriatic Sea. Samples from the topmost 10 cm of sediment were taken monthly from January to December 2002. The number of bacteria varied from 3.54 x 109 cells g–1 in July to 8.08 x 109 cells g–1 in September. Biomass was lowest in May (78 μg ...

Evolutionary genetics studies the patterns and mechanisms of genetic changes underlying evolutionary change. Because biological diversity at all levels (including population, species, and ecosystem diversity) has a genetic basis and is a result of evolution, evolutionary genetics provides insight into the ultimate mechanisms creating biodiversity. Evolutionary genetics utilizes empirical tools ...

Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) communication is a proven technique to increase the throughput, diversity gain and increase the energy gain by reducing the energy consumption of the wireless network. Space time diversity used in MIMO systems is a technique to mitigate multipath fading. The same information is transmitted over multiple channels that fade independently. So, space time diversity i...

In this paper, we propose an online SNR estimation scheme for Nakagami-m fading channels with equal gain diversity combining. We derive the SNR estimates based on the statistical ratio of certain observables over a block of received data. An online SNR estimator for an AWGN channel has been derived by Summers and Wilson. Recently, we derived an SNR estimation scheme for Nakagami-m fading channe...

The present paper defines diversity gain for stationary users. This deals in particular with gathering the received signal statistics over possible user positions and orientations in space rather than over time, and to define a meaningful diversity gain related to the cumulative improvement of the performances of the 1% users with the worst receiving conditions. The definition is used to evalua...

The pairwise-error probability upper bounds of space–time codes (STCs) in independent Rician fading channels are derived in this letter. Based on the performance analysis, novel code design criteria for slow and fast Rayleigh fading channels are developed. It is found that in fading channels, STC design criterion depends on the value of the possible diversity gain of the system. In slow fading ...