Amajor difficulty in determining the mechanisms responsible for human hypertension is the great variety of systems involved in regulating blood pressure and our tendency to assume that these mechanisms are similar in all hypertensive patients. Even when patients are separated into those whose blood pressure is or is not sensitive to the level of sodium intake, it is often assumed that all "salt...

We present a solution to the following discrete optimization problem. Given a set of independent, possibly overlapping image regions and a non-negative likeliness of the individual regions, we select a nonoverlapping subset that is optimal with respect to the following requirements: First, every region is either part of the solution or has an overlap with it. Second, the degree of overlap of th...

This paper highlights the renewed interest in Lucas’s explanation of non-neutrality money put forward his 1972 article – based on information dispersion and signal extraction problems by an increasing part literature investigating transmission mechanism monetary policy shocks. We review main contributions to this renewal, illustrate relationship between work own model. also show that some assum...

in this paper, we extend the construction of a fuzzy subgroup generated by a fuzzy subset to $l$-setting. this construction is illustrated by an example. we also prove that for an $l$-subset of a group, the subgroup generated by its level subset is the level subset of the subgroup generated by that $l$-subset provided the given $l$-subset possesses sup-property.

A seed shadow is the spatial distribution of all seeds dispersed from an individual plant (Janzen, 1970; Nathan and Muller-Landau, 2000; Schupp et al., 2002). The sum of seed shadows across all individuals in a population plus those seeds dispersed from other populations makes up seed rain. For vertebrate-dispersed species, seed shadows are the primary outcome of plant–frugivore interactions, y...

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are often associated with chronic diseases and can have severe impacts on host reproductive success. For airborne or socially transmitted pathogens, patterns of contact by which the infection spreads tend to be dispersed and each contact may be of very short duration. By contrast, the transmission pathways for STIs are usually characterized by repeated con...