The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and qepA) among ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Kashan, Iran. A total of 185 K. pneumoniae isolates were tested for quinolone resistance and ESBL-producing using the disk diffusion method and double disk...

A total of 100 non-duplicate Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were collected from different hospitals in Tehran and were confirmed as A. baumannii by conventional biochemical and API testing. Antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates was checked by a disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI guidelines. The isolates were then detected as carrying class 1 and 2 integron gene cassettes b...

Staphylococcus aureus is generally regarded as a leading cause of mastitis in dairy cattle. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of agr groups and any possible relationship between agr groups and antibiotic resistance among S. aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis in Northeast of Iran. For this purpose, a total of 300 bovine mastitic milk samples were taken from dairy ind...

Recently the CLSI recommended a disk diffusion method and breakpoints for meningococci which include breakpoints derived for nalidixic acid which serve as surrogate markers for gyrase A mutations associated with diminished fluoroquinolone susceptibility. This study presents the application of this methodology to a panel of 57 meningococcal strains isolated in Spain that include all levels of su...

The In vitro susceptibility of clinical and environmental isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii to tigecycline and other antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method. The E-test was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The growth curves of tigecycline treated environmental and clinical strains were established. Fifty-seven percent and 75% of the clinical and enviro...

Methods In a retrospective case control study between June 2009 and June 2010 at Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital, city of Ponta Grossa, south Brazil, 61 Klebsiella spp. (29 ESBL and 32 controls non-ESBL-producing isolates) were enrolled. ESBL were screened by disk diffusion method and double disk approximation method, according to CLSI. Prior use of antibiotic was analyzed in electronic me...

Eighty group G streptococcal stains were collected from Chinese children. Susceptibility testing was done by a double-dilution and a disk diffusion method. PCR was used to test drug-resistant genes, and the χ(2) test and definite probability methods were used to test for statistically significant differences among the three groups. Thirty-four isolates (42.5%) showed resistance to erythromycin....

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Antibacterial susceptibility testing of clinical bacterial isolates through disk diffusion method plays a major role in antibacterial treatment. One of the main factors affecting the result of these tests is the type, structure and quality of the disks. The main objective of this study was to compare the agreement of antibiotic disks originated from three companies on ...

Background: CClostridium difficile is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium currently recognized as the most common cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea in the nursing home. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles are the basic step to successful treatment due to the antimicrobial resistance. This present study assessed the susceptibility profiles of C. difficile, previously isolated from Elde...

BACKGROUND Leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by Leishmania parasites. Growing of drug unresponsiveness in leishmaniasis patients necessitates the development of new drugs and accordingly a suitable assay is needed for evaluation of any modalities. The aim of this study was to compare four drug assays methods, agar dilution, broth dilution, cylinder plate and disk diffusion, for evalu...