Dietary strategies to reduce discretionary choice intake are commonly utilized in practice, but evidence on their relative efficacy is lacking. The aim was to compare the potential impact on nutritional intake of three strategies to reducing discretionary choices intake in the Australian adult (19-90 years) population. Dietary simulation modelling using data from the National Nutrition and Phys...

This article contends that it is time to take a critical look at a series of binary categories which have dominated the scholarly and reform epistemologies of the sentencing decision process. These binaries are: rules versus discretion; reason versus emotion; offence versus offender; normative principles versus incoherence; aggravating versus mitigating factors; and aggregate/tariff consistency...

in this research, role of accruals in elaboration of quality of earning of the companies accepted in mumbai stock exchange has been studied and relationship between quality of earning through accruals and its constituents and abnormal stock return has been studied. the studied sample includes 35 companies in group a of mumbai stock exchange in 2009-2013.fordata analysisandhypothesistesting mult...

Food-based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) promote healthy dietary patterns. Nutrient-based Front-of-Pack Labelling (NBFOPL) schemes rate the 'healthiness' of individual foods. This study aimed to investigate whether the Australian Health Star Rating (HSR) system aligns with the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADGs). The Mintel Global New Products Database was searched for every new food product disp...

When participants allocated time across two tasks (in which they generated as many words as possible from a fixed set of letters) they made frequent switches. This allowed them to allocate more time to the more productive task (i.e. the set of letters from which more words could be generated), even though times between the last word and the switch decision (“giving-up times”) were higher in the...

Consumers’ decisions to spend money on tourism occur in the context of the other potential uses of their resources and corresponding values or utilities. While many studies have examined the demand for travel and tourism there is no known study that reveals how individuals and households make tradeoffs when allocating their spending between various potential categories of discretionary expendit...

This paper examines the emergence of differing student behaviour in the use of ICT in Melbourne and Singapore. It seeks to explain the stark contrasts in intra-group communication and the use of online course materials in terms of cultural differences, drawing largely on Hofstede’s framework for cultural analysis. Hofstede found Australians to be highly individualistic and to have both low powe...

This paper formulates the vehicle navigation task as a constrained optimal control problem with constraints bounding a traversable region of the environment. A model predictive controller iteratively plans an optimal vehicle trajectory through the constrained corridor and uses this trajectory to establish the minimum threat posed to the vehicle given its current state and driver inputs. Based o...

Near-controllability is defined for those systems that are uncontrollable but have a large controllable region. It is a property of nonlinear control systems introduced recently, and it has been well demonstrated on discrete-time bilinear systems. The purpose of this paper is to propose a useful algorithm to compute the control inputs, which achieve the transition of a given pair of states, for...