The psychopharmacology of major psychiatric disorders involves the principle of optimal treatment, which includes appropriate drug selection, correct dosing, recognition and management of side effects, and appropriate duration of treatment. There is a substantial literature to support evidence-based decisions for all of these components of treatment in most major psychiatric syndromes. Less att...

Objective To investigate disease activity and disability progression following pregnancy-related discontinuation of natalizumab (NTZ) in patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Methods A retrospective cohort study of clinical and radiologic data in patients who discontinued NTZ for pregnancy-related reasons. Results Twenty-two pregnancy-related NTZ discontinuations in 17 patients were evaluat...

How are general informal reasoning skills acquired? Little research has been done on this topic. Two hypotheses dominate. According to the strong situated learning hypothesis, there are no general informal reasoning skills (only contextor domainspecific skills) and so nothing can be done to improve them. According to the practice hypothesis, general informal reasoning can be improved through in...

OBJECTIVE To compare side effects between users of two kinds of injectable contraceptives (Depo-medroxy progesterone acetate and Cyclofem). MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive study included 250 women, aged 18-40 years, using Depo-medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA) or Cyclofem. The volunteers were examined six months after using contraceptive, and they were asked about fol...

BACKGROUND Although parathyroidectomy (Ptx) for sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (PH) improves comorbidities and symptoms, routine Ptx for minimally symptomatic PH remains controversial. Whether successful Ptx translates into discontinuation or dose-reduction of prescribed medications is unknown. METHODS Consecutive patients undergoing curative Ptx for sporadic PH from January 2007 to Apr...

M e t h o d s Design: Randomized placebo-controlled trial (Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness—Alzheimer’s Disease ). Allocation: Concealed.* Blinding: Blinded (clinicians and patients).* Follow-up period: Up to 36 weeks. Setting: 42 sites in the United States. Patients: 421 outpatients (mean age 78 y, 56% women) who had AD or probable AD. All patients had had psychosis,...

BACKGROUND Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is one of the major risks of natalizumab therapy. Despite introduction of the currently employed PML risk stratification algorithm, the incidence of natalizumab-associated PML cases is not decreasing. OBJECTIVES We addressed the following questions: How do natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis patients and their treating physicians ...

Background There has been an increase in the number of Japanese patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) who complain of chronic pain or motor disturbance in the lower back or extremities. These patients are often treated with anti-convulsive drugs, opioids, antidepressants, acetaminophen, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, all of which can cause side effects. For this reason, Ja...