The paper analyzes the elements of directionality in translation and its implication on the quality of translation from the second language into the first (L1 translation) and translation from the first language into the second (L2 translation). The traditional view of directionality in translation studies completely neglects L2 translation, often qualifying it as impossible, inappropriate, etc...

Recent large scale studies of senescence in animals and humans have revealed mortality rates that levelled off at advanced ages. These empirical findings are now known to be inconsistent with evolutionary theories of senescence based on the Malthusian parameter as a measure of fitness. This article analyses the incidence of mortality plateaus in terms of directionality theory, a new class of mo...

Lateral inhibition, by which single cells become distinct from their neighbours, can be mediated by Notch signalling during animal development. Signalling directionality is presumably achieved by downregulation of the Notch ligand in signal-receiving cells. New evidence suggests that cis-inhibition of the receptor in the ligand-sending cell might also provide directionality.

Pseudo Voronoi Tessellation via Anisotropic Meshing Our tessellation technique to represent organic texture consists of three steps: (1) elliptic or rectangular particle packing; (2) anisotropic meshing by connecting the centers of the particles; and (3) Voronoi tessellation as a dual of the anisotropic mesh. Given preferred cell sizes and directionality within a geometric domain, the technique...

Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy has been used to measure individual cone-photoreceptor directionalities in the living human eye. The directionality is determined at different retinal eccentricities where it is expected that cones have diameters ranging between 5-10μm, comparable to the spot size of the incident beam. Individual cone directionality values are compared with the predicted directiona...

In this paper we propose a rich notion of directionality of predicates that combines modes and regular tree types. We provide a semantic soundness result for this notion and give inference systems to decide well-modedness of logic programs and goals. We show how this rich notion of directionality can be used to prove the universal termination of LD-resolution for logic programs with non-ground ...

We measured the angleand polarization-resolved reflection and photoluminescence spectra of ZnO inverse opals. Significant enhancement of spontaneous emission is observed. The enhanced emission not only has good directionality but can also be linearly polarized. A detailed theoretical analysis and numerical simulation reveal that such enhancement is caused by the abnormal dispersion of a high-or...