The distribution of hemodynamic shear stress throughout the arterial tree is transduced by the endothelium into local cellular responses that regulate vasoactivity, vessel wall remodeling, and atherogenesis. Although the exact mechanisms of mechanotransduction remain unknown, the endothelial cytoskeleton has been implicated in transmitting extracellular force to cytoplasmic sites of signal gene...

Ecological character displacement occurs when sympatric species compete with one another, resulting in morphological divergence. Theoretically, character displacement can evolve from a number of ecological interactions, such as exploitation, interference, or predation, but most examples describe species competing exploitatively for limiting resources (typically food). Here I report a case of ch...

The aim of this paper is to present and analyze a new direct method for solving the linear elasticity inverse problem. Given measurements some displacement fields inside medium, we show that stable reconstruction elastic parameters possible, even discontinuous without boundary information. We provide general approach based on weak definition stiffness-toforce operator which conduces see problem...