Elevated water tanks supported by the reinforced concrete (RC) Staging are classified as inverted pendulum structures. These are considered as structures of high post-earthquake importance and should remain functional after the seismic events. National codes of various countries recommend Force-Based Design (FBD) procedure for water tank staging, which does not ensure nonlinear performance leve...

This paper presents a modified 32-bit ROM-based Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer (DDFS). Maximum output frequency of the DDFS is limited by the structure of the accumulator used in the DDFS architecture. The hierarchical pipeline accumulator (HPA) presented in this paper has less propagation delay time rather than the conventional structures. Therefore, it results in both higher maximum ope...

One of the common concrete channels in irrigation networks is the semielliptical prefabricated channels. Manning formula is usually used to design these channels. The cross-sectional area and the wetted perimeter are required to be calculated in Manning formula. There are no analytical solutions to directly compute these parameters. Thus, numerical integration methods are inevitably used. In th...

In this paper a novel method is proposed for construction of an exponential observer for nonlinear system. The presented method is based on direct solution of dynamic error without any linearzing of nonlinear terms. Necessary and sufficient conditions for construction of direct observer are presented. Stability of the observer is checked using Lyapunov theorem. Also the ability of this observer...

The following study aims to present an innovative approach for Design. Participatory Design is the model of direct involvement of different social groups in the design from functional tools to environments, social institutions and businesses. Diverse collection of practices has been developed to support this direct involvement by Participatory Design. People are invited to participate during di...

recently, transverse flux permanent magnet generators (tfpmgs) have been proposed as a possible generator in direct drive variable speed wind turbines due to their unique merits. generally, the quality of output power in these systems is lower than multi stage fixed speed systems, because of removing the gears, so it’s important to design these kinds of generators with low ripple and lowest har...

The feasibility of employing nanofiltration (NF) in the decolorization of ionic (direct blue 86) and nonionic (disperse blue 56) dye aqueous solutions was investigated. The effects of feed concentration (60- 180 mg/l), pressure (0.5- 1.1 MPa) and pH (6- 10) were studied. Experiments were performed in a laboratory- scale set up by using a TFC commercial spiral wound polyamide nanofilter. The res...