This paper reviews the problem of topology control with the model of UnitDisk Graph. We looked at the existing protocols and divided them into physical layer, which deals with range assignment problem and logical layer, which deals with link pruning. We observed that new metrics can be developed to enhance physical topology control, and noted that dynamic solutions including probabilistic broad...

Network sensors consist of sensor nodes in which every node covers a limited area. The most common use ofthese networks is in unreachable fields.Sink is a node that collects data from other nodes.One of the main challenges in these networks is the limitation of nodes battery (power supply). Therefore, the use oftopology control is required to decrease power consumption and increase network acce...

1  Abstract—This paper considers the problem of finite dimensional output feedback H  control for a class of nonlinear spatially distributed processes (SDPs) described by highly dissipative partial differential equations (PDEs), whose state is observed by a sensor network (SN) with a given topology. A highly dissipative PDE system typically involves a spatial differential operator with eigens...

Two-dimensional field programmable gate arrays (2DFPGAs) have been hindered by performance degradation caused by the increase in wire area due to high integration. Studies of the 3D-FPGA are in progress to solve this problem [1]–[3]. A 3D-FPGA allows remarkable reduction of routing areas because of the shorter distance between basic blocks to be connected. It is noteworthy that performance degr...

In this paper, a new topology for cascaded multilevel inverter based on quasi-Z-source converter is proposed. In the proposed topology the magnitude of output DC voltage is not limited to the sum of magnitude of DC voltage sources. Moreover, the reliability of the circuit due to capability of short circuit by Z-source network is increased. The quasi-Z- source converter in different modes is ana...

Topology control is the problem of selecting neighbors for each node in a wireless network, so that the resulting network has a number of useful properties. More precisely, a topology control protocol P takes as input a network G and aims to construct a spanning subgraph GP , that is sparse, “energy minimizing” and has sufficient connectivity so as to guarantee multiple short paths between pair...

Topology issues have received more and more attentions in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). While WSN applications are normally optimized by the given underlying network topology, another trend is to optimize WSN by means of topology control. A number of approaches have been invested in this area, such as topology directed routing, cooperating schemes, sensor coverage based topology control and n...

First of all, in this paper, the topology and operation of the three-phase three-level Z-source inverter based on neutral-point-clamped (Z-NPC) are studied. Moreover, different combinations of permissible switching states and control signals are explained for this inverter. In this paper, the topology of the three-phase three-level Z-NPC inverter is extended for an n-level state. Also, a combin...

This paper presents a stochastic direct search method for topology optimization of continuum structures. In a systematic approach requiring repeated evaluations of the objective function, the element exchange method (EEM) eliminates the less influential solid elements by switching them into void elements and converts the more influential void elements into solid resulting in an optimal 0–1 topo...