We have presented an algorithm of digital image watermarking for gray scale images which we implemented in frequency domain. Before inserting the watermark, we added the Hamming codes row wise as well column wise. Two encryption techniques were implemented on the ECC inserted watermark for its security. The pixel position for inserting the watermark was calculated using starting row and column ...

As with other types of evidence, the courts make no presumption that digital evidence is reliable without some evidence of empirical testing in relation to the theories and techniques associated with its production. The issue of reliability means that courts pay close attention to the manner in which electronic evidence has been obtained and in particular the process in which the data is captur...

In March 2012, Mainland China has amended its Criminal Procedure Law, which includes the introduction of a new type of evidence, i.e., digital evidence, to the court of law. To better understand the development of computer forensics and digital evidence in Mainland China, this paper discusses the Chinese legal system in relation to digital investigation and how the current legal requirements af...

Providing the ability to any law enforcement officer to remotely transfer an image from any suspect computer directly to a forensic laboratory for analysis, can only help to greatly reduce the time wasted by forensic investigators in conducting on-site collection of computer equipment. RAFT (Remote Acquisition Forensic Tool) is a system designed to facilitate forensic investigators by remotely ...

As more criminals use encryption to conceal incriminating evidence, forensic examiners require practical methods for recovering some or all of the encrypted data. This paper presents lessons learned from investigations involving encryption in various contexts. By presenting successful and unsuccessful case examples, this paper gives forensic examiners a clearer understanding of the feasibility ...

Most secure database is the one you know the most. Tamper detection compares the past and present status of the system and produces digital evidence for forensic analysis. Our focus is on different methods or identification of different locations in an oracle database for collecting the digital evidence for database tamper detection. Starting with the basics of oracle architecture, continuing w...

In recent times, digital evidence has found its way into several digital devices. The storage capacity in these devices is also growing exponentially. When investigators come across such devices during a digital investigation, it may take several man-hours to completely analyze the contents. To date, there has been little achieved in the zone that attempts to bring together different evidence s...

Digital evidence is now common in legal cases, but the understanding of the legal fraternity as to how far conventional ideas of evidence can be extended into the digital domain lags behind. Evidence determines the truth of an issue but its weight is subject to examination and verification through existing forms of legal argument. There is a need for a practical ‘roadmap’ that can guide the leg...

Cyber Forensics and Admissibility of Digital Evidence by Dr. Swati Mehta* Cite as: (2012) PL January S-23†Section 65-B of the Evidence Act deals with admissibility of electronic records as evidence in the court of law. The computer holding the original evidence does not need to be produced in court. A printout of the record or a copy on a CDROM, hard disk, floppy, etc. can be produced in the ...