Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) represents a digitized form of central bank funds that aims to enhance financial services and revolutionize the economy. It is important note CBDCs differ from cryptocurrencies as they are centrally regulated by sovereign authorities. When compared cryptocurrencies. prioritize privacy limiting transaction details disclosure. The value creation approaches als...

A bifurcation point has arisen in the transformation of global monetary and financial system, associated with its further digital transformation: will it be based on private currencies like Bitcoin, or basis central bank (CBDC)? To a large extent, this depends willingness economic agents to use virtual currencies. The purpose study is explore factors determining attitude impact literacy using t...

By analyzing the foreign exchange market data of various currencies, we derive a hierarchical taxonomy of currencies constructing minimal-spanning trees. Clustered structure of the currencies and the key currency in each cluster are found. The clusters match nicely with the geographical regions of corresponding countries in the world such as Asia or East Europe, the key currencies are generally...

Central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) raise various data privacy concerns. This article analyses regulatory frameworks for related to CBDCs in the Asia–Pacific region.

Cryptocurrencies (or digital tokens, digital currencies, e.g., BTC, ETH, XRP, NEO) have been rapidly gaining ground in use, value, and understanding among the public, bringing astonishing profits to investors. Unlike other money and banking systems, most digital tokens do not require central authorities. Being decentralized poses significant challenges for credit rating. Most ICOs are currently...