Plants frequently respond to herbivorous insect attack by synthesizing defense proteins that deter insect feeding and prevent additional herbivory. Maize (Zea mays L.) lines, resistant to feeding by a number of lepidopteran species, rapidly mobilize a unique 33-kDa cysteine protease in response to caterpillar feeding. The accumulation of the 33-kDa cysteine protease in the maize mid-whorl was c...

Abstract Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs and digestive system. CF affects cells produce mucus, sweat, enzymes caused by mutations in Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR). Expression function of CFTR have been extensively studied on epithelial several recent publications shown also regulates functions myeloid cells. We addressed wh...

Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) is a widely expressed tethered ligand receptor that can be activated by trypsin and other trypsin-like serine proteases. In the exocrine pancreas, PAR-2 activation modulates acinar cell secretion of digestive enzymes and duct cell ion channel function. During acute pancreatitis, digestive enzyme zymogens, including trypsinogen, are activated within the panc...

Biochemistry of civet coffee fermentation in the digestive tract civets until now is not fully known. This study aims to isolation, characterization and identification bacteria molecularly from civet's tract. Analysis begins with surgery obtain fluid three parts Isolation conducted by pour plate method using nutrient agar media. Single different colonies (shape, colour, margin, elevation, size)...

Food characteristics strongly regulate digestive enzymatic activity of insects through direct influences on their midgut mechanisms. Insect performance is better on diets that contain nutrients in proportions that fit its digestive enzymes. Little is known about the influences of rearing history on parasitism success of Habrobracon hebetor Say. This research focused on the effect of nutrient re...