Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Brazilian Consensus. Thyroid nodules are a common manifestation of thyroid diseases. It is estimated that ~10% of adults have palpable thyroid nodules with the frequency increasing throughout life. The major concern on nodule evaluation is the risk of malignancy (5–10%). Differentiated thyroid carcinoma accounts for 90% of all thyroid malignant...

ATM and γH2AX play a vital role in the detection of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and DNA damage response (DDR). This study aims to investigate ATM and γH2AX expression in thyroid cancer and discuss possible relationship between thyroid function tests and DNA damage. The expression of ATM and γH2AX was detected by immunohistochemistry in 30 cases of benign nodular goiter, 110 cases of well dif...

BACKGROUND The appropriate resection for thyroid cancer invading the aerodigestive tract remains controversial. METHODS A total of 174 patients underwent resections for aerodigestive tract invasion from differentiated thyroid cancer (103 patients), medullary thyroid cancer (40 patients), and undifferentiated thyroid cancers/unusual thyroid neoplasms (31 patients). In all, 82 patients submitte...

BACKGROUND Rapid growth of thyroid nodules is described as being associated with thyroid cancer. The objective of the study was to determine how the growth rate of thyroid nodules during follow-up is associated with the risk of thyroid cancer. METHODS Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing thyroid surgery for nodular disease and a repetitive preoperative ultrasound work-up of at least ...

Human thyroid cancer cell lines are the most used models for thyroid cancer studies. They must be used with detailed knowledge of their characteristics. These in vitro cell lines originate from differentiated and dedifferentiated in vivo human thyroid tumors. However, it has been shown that mRNA expression profiles of these cell lines were closer to dedifferentiated in vivo thyroid tumors (anap...

Thyroid cancers are common endocrine malignancies that comprise tumors with different clinical and histological features. Indeed, papillary and follicular thyroid cancers are slow-growing, well-differentiated tumors, whereas anaplastic thyroid cancers are undifferentiated neoplasias that behave much more aggressively. Well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas are efficiently cured by surgery and r...

PURPOSE Survival outcomes in patients presenting with well-differentiated thyroid cancer with pulmonary metastasis are variable. The aim of this study was to evaluate prognostic factors for outcome in this patient population. METHODS A prospective registry database was searched to identify patients presenting with pulmonary metastasis from well-differentiated thyroid cancer. All patients unde...

Radioiodine (RAI) ablation following thyroidectomy is standard of care treatment for patients with intermediate or high risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Traditionally, this has been achieved by forgoing thyroid hormone replacement postoperatively, allowing endogenous thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels to rise. This rise in TSH provides the stimulus for RAI uptake by the thyroid remnant...

Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorder. Here in, we report two patients with RTH in whom differentiated thyroid cancer was diagnosed. Two patients were admitted to our clinic and their laboratory results were elevated thyroid hormone levels with unsuppressed TSH. We considered this situation thyroid hormone resistance in the light of laboratory and ...

BACKGROUND Recent molecular studies have described a number of abnormalities associated with the progression and dedifferentiation of thyroid carcinoma. These distinct molecular events are often associated with specific stages of tumor development. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in thyroid cancer pathogenesis may help to translate these discoveries toward improvements in pati...