PURPOSE Retinal prostheses are an approved treatment for vision restoration in retinal degenerative diseases; however, present implants have limited resolution and simply increasing the number of electrodes is limited by design issues. In cochlear implants, virtual electrodes can be created by simultaneous stimulation of adjacent physical electrodes (current steering). The present study assesse...

nowadays use of detergents and cleaners becomes one of the essential of human life's. since these materials enter to the sewage systems, due to the existing poly phosphate, reacts with water and gradually becomes into phosphate ions and cause too many environmental problems that always have considered environmentalists. this study examined three factors was investigated in the removal of p...

Our electrodes were typically separated by approximately 1-3 millimeters. However, because the electrodes are flexible and can bend, we are not confident of the separation of individual penetrations, and therefore cannot make a strong statement about how correlations varied as a function of distance. We can, however, separately analyze pairs recorded on the same electrodes versus different elec...

Groundwater makes up an important part of global freshwater resources, though it is often threatened by overuse of natural resources along with abundant production of wastes in modern society. This study aims to investigate the removal of three heavy metals including nickel, cadmium, and lead from groundwater via electrocoagulation, a suitable method for treatment of water-soluble compounds, de...

Narrow gaps and a "built-in" potential originating from the different work functions of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and titanium electrodes are used to explain the improved photosensitivity of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) photodetectors with asymmetrical RGO-Ti electrodes presented here compared to those based on symmetrical electrodes. Easy processing, high photosensitivity, high on/off ratio, ...

A computer program is presented that calculates thicknesses and resistivities of a layered earth from three different variations of Schlumberger arrangements: (1) The usual Schlumberger method with 4 electrodes at the surface. (2) Lake bottom arrangement: 4 electrodes at the bottom of waters like lakes, rivers or the sea. (3) Two potential electrodes at the same depth in the ground and two elec...

10 Objective. This study investigated whether electromyographic signals recorded from the skin surface overlying the multifidus 11 muscles could be used to quantify their activity. 12 Design. Comparison of electromyography signals recorded from electrodes on the back surface and from wire electrodes within 13 four different slips of multifidus muscles of three human subjects performing isometri...

Our electrodes were typically separated by approximately 1-3 millimeters. However, because the electrodes are flexible and can bend, we are not confident of the separation of individual penetrations, and therefore cannot make a strong statement about how correlations varied as a function of distance. We can, however, separately analyze pairs recorded on the same electrodes versus different elec...