The rule on sequestration (exclusion) of witnesses is designed to avoid fabrication and collusion and has traditional roots in the Old Testament. Special rules apply regarding expert witnesses and "support persons." The contours of such special rules are explored within the Federal Rules of Evidence, state rules of evidence, state appellate and supreme court decisions, and U.S. Supreme Court de...

Since the passage of the Canada Health Act in 1984 and its prohibition of extra-billing, there has been an extremely limited role for private health insurance in Canada as a mechanism to pay for medically necessary physician or hospital services. In the aftermath of the landmark Supreme Court decision Chaoulli v. Québec, this may change.

During the 40 years since the US Supreme Court decision in Doe versus Wade and Doe versus Bolton, restrictions on termination of pregnancy (TOP) were overturned nationwide. The use of TOP was much wider than predicted and a substantial fraction of reproductive age women in the U.S. have had one or more TOPs and that widespread uptake makes the downstream impact of any possible harms have broad ...

Aggregate production planning (APP) determines the optimal production plan for the medium term planning horizon. The purpose of the APP is effective utilization of existing capacities through facing the fluctuations in demand. Recently, fuzzy approaches have been applied for APP focusing on vague nature of cost parameters. Considering the importance of coping with customer demand in different p...

funding decision is one of the financial strategic decisions of a corporation. there are also two other finan-cial strategic decisions that a corporation faces, the investment and the dividend decision. this paper de-scribes briefly the investment and the dividend decision, although its main focus is on funding decision. in de-scribing the funding decision the researchers will first explain the...