The anti-influenza drug oseltamivir is an ester prodrug activated by hepatic carboxylesterases. Plasma esterases also convert up to 31.8% of the parent compound to the active metabolite after 4 h ex vivo, with wide interindividual variation. This source of error is removed by adding the esterase inhibitor dichlorvos to blood collection tubes.

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an important aquaculture species. However, their production and health sometimes threatened by pesticides. In common carp, extensive studies have been done for exposures of single pesticides, but effects mixtures such as those the commonly used chlorpyrifos dichlorvos, are still unknown this first phase work, acute lethal exposure experiment was conducted to est...

Tandemly activated tRNAs, bearing amino acid moieties at both the 2'- and 3'-positions of the 3'-terminal adenosine moiety (A(76)), have been shown to participate efficiently in protein synthesis [B. Wang, J. Zhou, M. Lodder, R. D. Anderson, III and S. M. Hecht, J. Biol. Chem., 2006, 281, 13865]. The mechanism by which such activated tRNAs are able to donate both amino acids to the growing poly...

During storage, soybean kernels can be attacked by insects, which are preventively controlled with insecticides. Information on the dissipation of insecticide residues is crucial to know their final concentrations in food and establish waiting periods necessary for consumption without health risks, determine minimum period comply national international standards. The aims this study were quanti...

The possible genotoxic activity of Dichlorvos (2,2-Dichlorovinyl-O,O-dimethyl phosphate/DDVP, CAS No. 62-73-7), an organophosphorus insecticide was investigated employing three cytogenetic end points, i.e. micronucleus (MN) assay, mitotic indices (MI) and chromosome abberation (CA) analysis in vivo. The assays were carried out in hematopoietic bone marrow cells of Mus musculus at concentrations...

The extensive use of pesticides leads to accumulation of a huge amount of residues in the environment. As such, the present study investigates the potentiality of Pleurotus pulmonarius to bioremediate dichlorvos pesticides (2,2-dichlorovinyldimethylphosphate) in contaminated soil. DDVP-polluted soils have been contaminated in five concentrations (5% v/w, 10% v/w, 15% v/w, 20% v/w, and 25% v/w),...

The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and other interested individuals and groups with an overall perspective of the toxicology of dichlorvos. It contains descriptions and evaluations of toxicological studies and epidemiological investigations and provides conclusions, where possible, on the relevance of toxicity and toxicokinetic ...