A randomized controlled trial of the plastic BioSand filter (BSF) was performed in rural communities in Tamale (Ghana) to assess reductions in diarrheal disease and improvements in household drinking water quality. Few studies of household water filters have been performed in this region, where high drinking water turbidity can be a challenge for other household water treatment technologies. Du...

Cholera drove the sanitary revolution in the industrialized world in the 19th century and now is driving the development of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in the developing world. Despite the long history of cholera, only in the 1960s and 1970s was ORT fully developed. Scientists described this treatment after the discovery of the intact sodium-glucose intestinal cotransport in patients with ch...

The enterotoxigenic profiles of 51 B. cereus food-related strains were compared to those of 37 B. cereus food-poisoning strains. cytK and association of hbl-nhe-cytK enterotoxin genes were more frequent among diarrheal strains (73 and 63%) than among food-borne strains (37 and 33%). Unlike diarrheal strains, food-borne strains showed frequent nhe and hbl gene polymorphisms and were often low to...

BACKGROUND Delays in seeking timely appropriate care contributes to a large number of deaths from diarrhea in children. This study aimed to identify determinants of delays in seeking timely treatment by mothers/caregivers of under-five children with diarrheal diseases. METHODS We used an unmatched case-control study from February-March 2017 among 316 children: 158 cases and 158 controls. Case...

Diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide, resulting in an estimated 2.2 million deaths in 2004.1 Although diarrheal disease affects persons of all age groups and in all geographic locations, the greatest burden of severe illness and death falls on infants and young children in developing countries. During 2000-2003, diarrhea ranked se...

To evaluate the impact of Cryptosporidium infection on diarrheal disease burden and nutrition status, a nested case-control study was done among children who were followed from birth in Fortaleza, Brazil. The diarrhea history and growth records of 43 children with a symptomatic diarrhea episode of cryptosporidiosis (case-children) were compared with those of 43 age-matched controls with no hist...

OBJECTIVES To assess the risk factors associated with diarrhea among children below 5-years-old in Mukalla, Yemen, and compare with other studies.   METHODS We conducted a case-control study on 200 children (100 cases and 100 controls) who attended the Maternity and Child Hospital, outpatient-clinics, and the Primary Health Care Centers in Al-Mukalla, Hadhramout, Yemen between February and Ap...

To investigate the predictive factors for dehydration in acute diarrheal patients, this case control study was conducted using the observational analytic method. Acute diarrheal patients who were admitted to the Hospital and Outpatient Pediatric Clinic, Dr Soetomo Hospital, were included in this study. By discriminant analysis, three significant variables were determined to differentiate dehydr...

A total of 431 rectal swabs, collected from acute diarrheal cases at a surveillance site and at different diarrheal outbreak areas of Orissa from May to October 2005, were bacteriologically analyzed. Out of 265 culture-positive samples, Vibrio cholerae O1 was isolated in 56 samples (20.8%), of which 37 were the Inaba serotype and 19 were the Ogawa. The antibiogram profile revealed that all the ...

OBJECTIVE The present study was carried out to investigate the possible in vivo analgesic, neuropharmacological and anti-diarrheal activities of the methanol extract of Jatropha gossypifolia fruits. MATERIALS AND METHODS The analgesic activity was measured by acetic acid induced writhing inhibition test. The neuropharmacological activities were evaluated by hole cross, hole-board, and elevate...