Esophageal distension causes simultaneous relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and crural diaphragm. The mechanism of crural diaphragm relaxation during esophageal distension is not well understood. We studied the motion of crural and costal diaphragm along with the motion of the distal esophagus during esophageal distension-induced relaxation of the LES and crural diaphragm. Wire...

Non-geometric string backgrounds were proposed to be related to a nonassociative deformation of the space-time geometry. In the flux formulation of double field theory (DFT), the structure of mathematically possible non-associative deformations is analyzed in detail. It is argued that on-shell there should not be any violation of associativity in the effective DFT action. For imposing either th...

Objective To evaluate the technical feasibility of four-dimensional (4D) CT for the functional evaluation of the pediatric diaphragm. Materials and Methods In 22 consecutive children (median age 3.5 months, age range 3 days-3 years), 4D CT was performed to assess diaphragm motion. Diaphragm abnormalities were qualitatively evaluated and diaphragm motion was quantitatively measured on 4D CT. L...

Objective: Agenesis of the diaphragm (AD) in adults is an extremely rare congenital malformation. To date, only a few descriptions this pathology have been published scientific literature. The article presents case detection left-sided AD 25-year-old patient operated on for diaphragmatic relaxation. Additional examination methods, including echocardiography and ultrasonography abdominal organs ...

Based on practical engineering, considering the characteristics of unsymmetrical loading, shallow burying, and weak surrounding rock tunnel, MIDAS finite element software is adopted to analyze influence effect deformation a temporary steel support when tunnel excavated by two-step center diaphragm method (CDM). The simulation results are compared with field monitoring results. It can be seen th...

The diaphragm is grasped, and as much of the anterior diaphragm as possible is pulled into a retaining clamp. This maneuver is easier to perform for the right diaphragm than the left diaphragm, owing to the risk of incorporating viscera on the left. Upon initial placement of the clamp, it is evident that all of the diaphragm that would optimally be resected cannot occur in one application. This...

INTRODUCTION Diaphragm weakness induced by prolonged mechanical ventilation may contribute to difficult weaning from the ventilator. Hypercapnia is an accepted side effect of low tidal volume mechanical ventilation, but the effects of hypercapnia on respiratory muscle function are largely unknown. The present study investigated the effect of hypercapnia on ventilator-induced diaphragm inflammat...

Stress in the diaphragm, transdiaphragmatic pressure, and diaphragm shape are interrelated by a balance of forces. Using precise in vivo measurements of diaphragm shape and transdiaphragmatic pressure distribution in combination with finite-element analysis (ANSYS), we determined the direction and magnitude of stress in the passive diaphragm at relaxation volume. Lead spheres sutured along musc...

Ahn B, Beharry AW, Frye GS, Judge AR, Ferreira LF. NAD(P)H oxidase subunit p47 is elevated, and p47 knockout prevents diaphragm contractile dysfunction in heart failure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 309: L497–L505, 2015. First published July 24, 2015; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00176.2015.—Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have dyspnea and exercise intolerance, which are caused in part b...

The use of esophageal recordings of the diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) signal strength to evaluate diaphragm activation during voluntary contractions in humans has recently been criticized because of a possible artifact created by changes in lung volume. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is an artifactual influence of lung volume on the strength of the diaphra...