background: dna extraction is one the most important steps for molecular analysis of food-borne pathogens. in this research, three methods of dna extractions from beef harboring sarcocystis spp. were compared for the quality, quantity, safety, as well as cost-effectiveness. methods: about 100 mg intersostal and diaphragm were collected from 10 slaughtered cattle. after ensuring their contaminat...

BACKGROUND Poor authenticity in high stake clinical exams adversely effects validity. We propose including known misleading diagnostic factors and contextual biases in the assessment of diagnostic skills amongst advanced specialty trainees. We hypothesise that this strategy offers a more realistic and critical assessment of diagnostic skill than strategies in which candidates are presented with...

INTRODUCTION Key stakeholders' involvement is crucial to the sustainability of quality point-of-care (POC) diagnostics services in low-and-middle income countries. The aim of this study was to explore key stakeholder perceptions on the implementation of POC diagnostics in rural primary healthcare (PHC) clinics in South Africa. METHOD We conducted a qualitative study encompassing in-depth inte...

The genus Sterigmostemum M. Bieb. belongs to the tribe Hesperideae of the Brassicaceae family. The results of this research confirmed the recognition of five species in Iran: S.incanum, S. sulphureum,  S. ramosissimum,  S. acanthocarpum  and S. longistylum. S. laevicaule is excluded from the genus Sterigmostemum and is regarded as a synonym of Erysimum crassicaule. The new combination, namely, ...

Species belonging to different sections of the genus Polygonum L. were studied micro-morphologically. For this purpose, digital images were obtained from all species and lower taxa belonging to sections Persicaria, Bistorta, Tiniaria and Pleuropterus. Since section Polygonum is much diverse, pollens of three representative species Polygonum luzuloides, P. olivascens and P. setosum were photogra...

Six species of the subgenus Zavortinkius of Aedes Meigen in the Afrotropical Region are treated in a pictorial key based on diagnostic morphological features. Images of the diagnostic morphological structures of the adult thorax and leg are included.

Key-words Disease name and synonyms Excluded diseases Definition Diagnostic criteria Differential diagnosis Incidence Clinical description Management including treatments Etiology Biological diagnostic test Genetic counseling Prenatal diagnosis Unsolved questions and comments References

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was newly included as a diagnostic category in Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders fifth edition (DSM-5), but the knowledge about it in the clinical practice field is still limited. Therefore, the aim of the present article is to introduce this diagnostic category's history, key points of diagnosis, treatment and its impact on clinical pr...