The release of human pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment has become an issue of societal concern. More than 160 Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) have been detected in surface waters, although generally at low concentrations (ng-ug/l). Most available ecotoxicological information on these pharmaceuticals originates from acute testing using algae, Daphnia and fish; results from long...

Assessment of change in behavioral functioning in children as a function of neurotoxicity is not a trivial undertaking. Psychological tests, widely (though erroneously) considered to be the "gold standard" for measurement of behavior in humans, are not adequate for the task; they tap the structure of cognition, not the behavioral repertoire, and cannot (alone) address developmental change. Comp...

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The assessment of behavioral changes produced by prenatal or early postnatal exposure to potentially noxious agents requires both the designing of ad hoc tests and the adaptation of tests for adult animals to the characteristics of successive developmental stages. The experience in designing tests is still more limited than in the adaptation of tests, but several tests have already proven their...

Neurodevelopmental disabilities, including autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, dyslexia, and other cognitive impairments, affect millions of children worldwide, and some diagnoses seem to be increasing in frequency. Industrial chemicals that injure the developing brain are among the known causes for this rise in prevalence. In 2006, we did a systematic review and identified five i...

policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Note: This document represents the final guidelines. A number of editorial corrections have been made during conversion and subsequent proofreading to ensure the accuracy of this publication.

Correspondence address: Assoc Prof. Eduard Ujházy, PhD. Department of Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia, e-mail: [email protected] Studies of individual development and its possible deterioration have been the concern since the 19th century, when Etienne Geoffroy de Saint-Hilaire (1772...

*Correspondence: Xiao Huang, Institute of Cellular and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China e-mail: [email protected]; Huahong Shi, State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan Road (N), Shanghai 200062, China e-mail: [email protected] Organotin compo...

Rat postimplantation whole-embryo culture (WEC) is a promising alternative test for the assessment of developmental toxicity. Toxicogenomic-based approaches may improve the predictive ability of the WEC model by providing a means to identify compound-specific mechanistic responses associated with embryotoxicity in vivo. Furthermore, alterations in gene expression may serve as a sensitive, objec...

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have potential for use in evaluation of developmental toxicity because they are generated in large numbers and differentiate into three germ layers following formation of embryoid bodies (EBs). In earlier study, embryonic stem cell test (EST) was established for assessment of the embryotoxic potential of compounds. Using EBs indicating the onset of differentiation of m...