living in modern societies is full of advertising messages. these messages in diverse and numerous forms affect every day and working life of people. one of the most challenging subjects in advertising is representation of women in advertising and commercial promotions. a large part of representations in advertisements depicts women in their role as cultural stereotypes. the purpose of this stu...

Judges face retention elections in over a third of U.S. state courts of last resort and numerous lower courts. According to conventional wisdom, these elections engender judicial independence and decrease democratic accountability. We argue that in the context of modern judicial campaigns, retention elections create pressure for judges to cater to public opinion on “hot-button” issues that are ...

In the past few decades, supports towards idea of Democratic Socialism especially among youth has skyrocketed. The exiting Capitalist system which was adopted globally failed to narrow class gap and is being viewed as constant economic social exploitation by private companies. While iteration & Communism been regarded a major failure, it still yet be proven whether ideas will produce same o...

Duringpast two decades, “Pass through a democratic status” gave attention by mostMiddle East analysts. In fact, since the early 1980s, The Middle East and TheNorth of Africa affected by third wave of democratization effects and bothstate and society felt its impacts. Since, civil society has been promoting andstrengthening, from one hand, and sovereign governments gradually withdrawalhas begun,...

The general issue of derivational vs. representational approaches to syntax has received considerable attention throughout the history of generative grammar. Internal to the major derivational approach, transformational grammar, a related issue arises: are well-formedness conditions imposed specifically at the particular levels of representation made available in the theory, or are they imposed...

Using a disaggregated measure that allows us to examine the distribution of state and local tax burdens between high and low income groups better, this research finds that in many models, Democratic control is positively associated with a lower relative tax burden on the poor. The results are stronger for average Democratic strength in the state government than for unified Democratic strength. ...

This paper discusses political leadership and national security in the Nigerian fourth republic. The paper accentuates that the democratic process itself constitute a functional mechanism for interest articulation and aggregation thereby checking agent threat to national security that may arise from lack of input or participation in the political process. The paper through the use of leadership...