All successful infrastructure products and processes exemplify the collaboration of engineering economics in space time. In their respective domains, two specialized professions optimize supply demand (S / D) energy money. If priorities diverge, structural economic failures result. The various stages a bridge lifecycle transitions between them are examined as vulnerable nodes links where diverg...

Economics depends on the economic scale of planning. Economists study the characteristics of the production function, while community operating management focuses on demand realization, so that loss of sales or inventory prevents cost reductions and maximizes profits. However, companies with a lack of capacity need to achieve economies of scale and demand to realize them simultaneously, especia...