The mesenchyme of the elevating mesencephalic neural folds of the mouse is composed primarily of mesenchymal cells embedded in an hyaluronate-rich extracellular matrix. In this study we provide evidence that hyaluronate and mesenchymal expansion may play a role in neural fold elevation and closure. Spatial and temporal patterns of mesenchymal cell and hyaluronate distribution were analyzed duri...

BACKGROUND A cartilage wedge block and covering flap are standard procedures for firm elevation of the ear in microtia correction. However, using costal cartilage for elevation of the reconstructed auricle can be insufficient, and the fixed cartilage wedge block may be absorbed or may slip out. Furthermore, elevating covering flaps is time-consuming and uses up fascia, a potential source of rec...

Lymphatics serve to remove from the interstitium a range of materials, including plasma proteins, colloid materials, and cells. Lymph flow rates can be enhanced by periodic tissue compression or venous pressure elevation, but little is known to what degree enhancement of lymph flow affects material transport. The objective was to examine the uptake of plasma proteins, a colloidal perflubron emu...

OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between speech intelligibilities among the similar level of hearing loss and threshold elevation of the auditory brainstem response (ABR). METHODS The relationship between maximum speech intelligibilities among similar levels of hearing loss and relative threshold elevation of the click-evoked ABR (ABR threshold - pure tone average at 2,000 and 4,000 Hz)...

The removal of low vegetation is still challenging in UAV photogrammetry. According to the different topographic features expressed by point-cloud data at scales, a vegetation-filtering method based on multiscale elevation-variation coefficients proposed for terrain modeling. First, virtual grids are constructed and average elevation values corresponding point clouds obtained. Second, amount ch...

Abstract Several rodent genera radiated in Ethiopian highlands during Pleistocene, giving rise to species specialized different elevation zones. The zonation is accompanied by vegetation change from savannahs or forests lower elevations, through the mid-elevation belt of ericaceous shrublands Afroalpine moorlands on mountain tops. Such evolution gradient expected promote phenotypic adaptations ...

Context: Glenohumeral and scapular upward rotation are important factors in functional upper extremity motion. Objectives: To determine how different amounts of glenohumeral rotation (internal, external, and neutral) affect scapular upward rotation. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Independent variables were the amounts of internal, external, and neutral glenohumeral rotation. The dependent...

The highly polymorphic taxon Metrosideros polymorpha (‘ohi‘a) is the most abundant endemic tree in Hawai‘i, occupying a wide but fragmented range of habitats across Federal, State, and privately managed lands. Morphological character states of 342 herbarium specimens from the island of Hawai‘i distributed the five recognised varieties in ordinal space, but intermediate phenotypes were prevalent...

Study Design: Single-group repeated-measures design. Objectives: To investigate the ability of the wall slide exercise to activate the serratus anterior muscle (SA) at and above 90° of humeral elevation. Background: Strengthening of the SA is a critical component of rehabilitation for patients with shoulder impingement syndromes. Traditional SA exercises have included scapular protraction exerc...