The new children’s allowances1 (“child benefit”) program in the United Kingdom recently completed its 3-year phase-in period, begun in 1977. The new program is the first major reform of family support since the introduction of children’s allowances in 1946. It merges two kinds of allowances that previously benefited families with childrenthe taxable social security cash payments made to all fam...

Transitive tasks are important for understanding how children develop socio-cognitively. However, developmental research has been restricted largely to questions surrounding maturation. We asked 6-, 7- and 8-year-olds (N = 117) to solve a composite of five different transitive tasks. Tasks included conditions asking about item-C (associated with the marked relation) in addition to the usual cas...

N.B.: For the references, please see Selected Bibliography on Aristotle's Theory of Categorical Syllogism "When modem logicians in the 1920s and 1930s first turned their attention to the problem of understanding Aristotle’s contribution to logic in modern terms, they were guided both by the Frege-Russell conception of logic as formal ontology and at the same time by a desire to protect Aristotl...

In the previous chapter we developed linear logic in the form of natural deduction , which is appropriate for many applications of linear logic. It is also highly economical, in that we only needed one basic judgment (A true) and two judgment forms (linear and unrestricted hypothetical judgments) to explain the meaning of all connectives we have encountered so far. However, it is not immediatel...

By identifying and pursuing analogies between causal and logical influence I show how the Bayesian network formalism can be applied to reasoning about logical deductions.

N.B.: For the references, please see Selected Bibliography on Aristotle's Theory of Categorical Syllogism "When modem logicians in the 1920s and 1930s first turned their attention to the problem of understanding Aristotle’s contribution to logic in modern terms, they were guided both by the Frege-Russell conception of logic as formal ontology and at the same time by a desire to protect Aristotl...

This paper re-explores the relation between a country’s level of wealth and the mix of products it exports. We argue that both are simultaneously determined by countries’ capabilities i.e. by countries’ productivity and quality levels for each good. Our theoretical setup has two features. (1) Some goods have fewer high-quality producers/countries than others i.e. there is Ricardian comparative ...