Flowmetering terms can often seem cryptic. Here are definitions of some of the most commonly used. ACCURACY Accuracy is a quantity defining the limit that errors will not exceed. This value should include the combined effects of conformity, hysteresis, deadband, and repeatability errors. When applied to flowmeters, accuracy is specified in one of two different ways; % of full scale or % of rate...

In the refining industry, process optimization typically begins with a process engineer collecting operation data to perform a heat and weight balance and to evaluate the catalyst activity. Based on the current trends and operating conditions, the setpoint(s) on critical process control loops (loops that affect unit stability and bottom line economic benefits) may need to be adjusted manually o...

The number of bioprocess applications for microalgae has increased in recent years, particularly in the fi eld of biofuel production. The combination of the New Brunswick CelliGen 310 stirred-tank bioreactor and the DASGIP LED Illumination System creates a bioreactor setup which is capable of supporting high density microalgal growth. Using the stand-alone Eppendorf DASGIP PBR4 Module, LED illu...

This paper contains a study of two methods for use in a generic nonlinear simulation tool that could be used to determine achievable control dynamics and control power requirements while performing perfect tracking maneuvers over the entire flight envelope. The two methods are NDI (nonlinear dynamic inversion) and the SOFFT (Stochastic Optimal Feedforward and Feedback Technology) feedforward co...

A significant need has been identified for an improved device to assist in transferring mobility limited patients, particularly those who are heavier. Typical transfers include moving between a bed, wheelchair, chair/couch, toileting chair or toilet, car, or the floor. We are developing a new, cost effective, hydraulically actuated prototype patient transfer assist device; hydraulic actuation h...

This paper introduces a new paradigm for the design and operation of complex systems. Traditional approaches, including the system-of-systems perspective, attempt to reduce the overall into its fundamental components. Such approaches inherently seek to differentiate, and often isolate, the components. The proposed paradigm seeks a shared mission for all components to exploit recursive design pr...

Continuous capacity modulation, for example by varying compressor speed, is only one alternative to conventional cycling of vapor compression systems. Cycling the compressor at higher frequencies (~0.01–0.1 Hz) than conventional systems (~0.001 Hz) offers a potentially simpler and less costly alternative. Experiments were conducted to quantify effects of steady vs. pulsed flow on the performanc...