It is proved that the curve graph C(Σ) of a surface Σg,n has a local pathology that had not been identified as such: there are vertices α, β ∈ C (Σ) such that β is a dead end of every geodesic joining α to β. There are also double dead-ends. Every dead end has depth 1. Mathematical Subject Classification 57M99, 20F65

One of the problems of autonomous mobile systems is the continuous tracking of position and orientation. In most cases, this problem is solved by dead reckoning, based on measurement of wheel rotations or step counts and step width. Unfortunately dead reckoning leads to accumulation of drift errors and is very sensitive against slippery. In this paper an algorithm for tracking position and orie...

a group of critics believe that “stray dog” is among the stories of hedāyat which is written under the influence of sartre’s existentialism. this story, following an existentialist outlook, depicts human pain and helplessness. “pat”, the stray dog, is a symbol of nostalgia which ruins our life. this paper tries to trace out the representation of the existentialism and sartre’s interpretation of...