It is proved that the curve graph C(Σ) of a surface Σg,n has a local pathology that had not been identified as such: there are vertices α, β ∈ C (Σ) such that β is a dead end of every geodesic joining α to β. There are also double dead-ends. Every dead end has depth 1. Mathematical Subject Classification 57M99, 20F65

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), which is used widely on networks, has a Router Dead Interval problem. If a (backup) designated router has stopped operation due to failure, the OSPF routers await a hello packet acknowledgment for the router dead interval to recognize that the designated router has ceased the operation. The Router Dead Interval is 40 sec This interval time is not only long for m...

a group of critics believe that “stray dog” is among the stories of hedāyat which is written under the influence of sartre’s existentialism. this story, following an existentialist outlook, depicts human pain and helplessness. “pat”, the stray dog, is a symbol of nostalgia which ruins our life. this paper tries to trace out the representation of the existentialism and sartre’s interpretation of...