Tritiated water was evaluated and used for determining snow and water intake by cattle. This method yielded results comparable to those obtained via simultaneous gravimetric measurement of snow and liquid water intake after adjustments were made for preformed and metabolic water from feed; the correlation coefficient was .96 and the standard error of the estimate was +/- 1.28 kg/day, or +/- 5.8...

Snow measurements at the Kühtai station in Tirol, Austria, (1920 m.a.s.l.) are described. The data set includes snow water equivalent from a 10 m2 snow pillow, snow melt outflow from a 10 m2 snow lysimeter placed at the same location as the pillow, meteorological data (precipitation, incoming shortwave radiation, reflected shortwave radiation, air temperature, relative air humidity, and wind sp...

This report considers passive microwave radiometry and its application for satellite remote sensing of snow at a global scale. The microwaves observed from a dry snow pack are emitted from the ground beneath the snow. The bulk effect of the snow cover on the micro‐ waves is that the measured brightness temperature will decrease. This depends on the mass of the snow (snow water equivalent – SWE)...

Snow cover is one of the most important variables affecting agriculture, hydrology, and climate, but detailed measurements are not widely available. Therefore, the effectiveness and validity of snow schemes in general circulation models have been difficult to assess. Using long-term snow cover data from the former Soviet Union, this paper focuses on the validation of the snow submodel in the Bi...

Melt water runoff from seasonal snow in the High Atlas range is an essential resource Morocco. However, there are only few meteorological stations high elevation areas and therefore it challenging to estimate distribution of equivalent (SWE) based on situ measurements. In this work we assessed performance ERA5 MERRA-2 climate reanalysis compute spatial SWE Atlas. We forced a distributed snowpac...

[1] Satellite-passive microwave remote sensing has been extensively used to estimate snow water equivalent (SWE) in northern regions. Although passive microwave sensors operate independent of solar illumination and the lower frequencies are independent of atmospheric conditions, the coarse spatial resolution introduces uncertainties to SWE retrievals due to the surface heterogeneity within indi...

Information on snow cover and snow properties is an important factor for hydrology and runoff modeling. Frequent updates of snow cover information can help to improve water balance and discharge calculations. Within the frame of Polar View, snow products from multisensoral satellite data are operationally provided to control and update water balance models for large parts of Southern Germany. T...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Fractional snow covered area Snow covered extent Downscaling Topography Hillslope scale Landsat NDSI Digital elevation models Snow remote sensing Watershed hydrology Accurate characterization of snow-covered area (SCA) and snow water equivalent (SWE) in complex terrain is needed to improve estimation of streamflow timing and volume, and is important for land surf...