Water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (WS-DSPECs) use visible light to split water using molecular sensitizers and water oxidation catalysts codeposited onto mesoporous TiO2 electrodes. Despite a high quantum yield of charge injection and low requirement for the catalytic turnover rate, the quantum yield of water splitting in WS-DSPECs is typically low (<1%). Here we examine...

We describe a calculation tool and modeling methods to find self and mutual inductance and current distribution in superconductive multilayer circuit layouts. Accuracy of the numerical solver is discussed and compared with experimental measurements. Effects of modeling parameter selection on calculation results are shown, and we make conclusions on the selection of modeling parameters for fast ...

Since the early 1950s, microwave circuits have evolved from discrete circuits to planar integrated circuits, then to multilayered and three-dimensional integrated circuits. With the increased circuit density, the multiconductor line in multilayered dielectric media has become the major form of the transmission line or interconnect. Multilayered routing reduces the area as well as the volume of ...

In this paper, we describe the Compact Model Compiler approach to developing and supporting compact device models. A single model specification and model compiler tool support circuit simulation, parameter extraction, and documentation. We present three examples of the model compiler approach: a compact transisitor model, a bandgap reference circuit, and a flip-flop.

On-Chip inductance modeling of VLSI interconnects is presented which captures 3D geometry from layout design and process technology information. Analytical formulae are derived for quick and accurate inductance estimation which can be used in circuit simulations and whole chip extraction screening process. Circuit simulations show critical global wire inductive effects as well as power and grou...

Analysis of effects due to parasitics is of vital importance during the design of large-scale integrated circuits, since it gives insight into how circuit performance is affected by undesired parasitic effects. Due to the increasing amount of interconnect and metal layers, parasitic extraction and simulation may become very time consuming or even unfeasible. Developments are presented, for redu...

Using the behavioral model of a circuit to perform Behavioral Monte Carlo Simulation (BMCS) is a fast approach to estimate performance shift under process variation with detailed circuit responses. However, accurate Monte Carlo analysis results are difficult to obtain if the behavioral model is not accurate enough. Therefore, this paper proposes to use an efficient bottom-up approach to generat...

A novel VLSI architecture for multi-channel online spike sorting is presented in this paper. In the architecture, the spike detection is based on nonlinear energy operator (NEO), and the feature extraction is carried out by the generalized Hebbian algorithm (GHA). To lower the power consumption and area costs of the circuits, all of the channels share the same core for spike detection and featu...

This paper presents the study of a new application of non linear techniques for energy harvesting. The Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction (SECE) harvesting technique for piezoelectric generators is extended and adapted to electromagnetic generators. Because of the magnetic flux/electrical charge duality, this new circuit is named SMFE for Synchronous Magnetic Flux Extraction. A global theor...