Axisymmetric dynamical models are constructed for the E3 galaxy M32 to interpret high spatial resolution stellar kinematical data obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Models are studied with two-integral, f(E,Lz), phase-space distribution functions, and with fully general three-integral distribution functions. The latter are built using an extension of Schwarzschild’s approach: indiv...

A pair of photogates is employed as a high frequency demodulation pixel for three dimensional time-of-flight image sensor. Using a 192×108 array of the pixels, demodulation contrast above 50% is achieved at 20MHz frequency and the test chip exhibits distance error less than 1% up to 7 m detection of the object. Modulation frequency dependent behavior of dark current is observed: dark current is...

TGD approach leads to a prediction that biophotons result when dark photons with large value of effective Planck constant and large wavelength transform to ordinary photons with same energy. The recent progress in understanding the implications of basic vision behind TGD inspired theory of consciousness served as a particular motivation for developing a more detailed view about biophotons. 1. T...

The opinions expressed are those of the BlackRock Investment Instititute as of August 2011, and may change as subsequent conditions vary. } The emerging markets (EMs) have provided major investment opportunities over the last decade—whether in the equity, fixed income or currency spaces. } The global growth landscape and investment opportunity set have changed significantly in recent years, but...

Silicon avalanche photodiodes operated above breakdown, in Geiger mode, can be sensitive enough to allow single photon detection. An inherent limit to GMAPD sensitivity is the noise caused by thermally generated carriers. This noise manifests itself as extraneous counts in the absence of light and is termed the dark count. The presence of the dark count in GM-APD detectors reduces the signal to...

Polarized light is the light in which all the rays vibrate in one plane. A polarizing microscope has two disk accessories. They are made up of polarizing plastic that allows light vibrating in one plane to pass. One of them is called a polarizer (placed below the condenser). Another similar disc is placed in the top part of the microscope and cuts off all the light vibrating in a perpendicular ...