DNA in its simplest form is an ensemble of nucleic acids, water, and ions, and the conformation of DNA is dependent on the relative proportions of all three components. When DNA is covalently damaged by endogenous or exogenous reactive species, including those produced by some anticancer drugs, the ensemble undergoes localized changes that affect nucleic acid structure, thermodynamic stability,...

neither damage mechanics model nor elastoplastic constitutive law can solely describe the behavior of concrete satisfactorily. in fact, they both fail to represent proper unloading slopes during cyclic loading. to overcome the disadvantages of pure plastic models and pure damage approaches, the combined effects need to be considered. in this regard, various classes of plastic-damage models have...

background : colorectal cancer, a major health concern worldwide, is the third most common form of cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. the flavonoids are naturally occurring diphenylpropanoids ubiquitous in plant foods and important components of the human diet. luteolin, a bioflavonoid, possesses many beneficial effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aller...