purpose: to evaluate the influence of different confounding factors on the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for refractory diabetic macular edema. methods: in a prospective placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 88 eyes with refractory diabetic macular edema were randomly assigned into two groups including 45 in the treatment group (4 mg intravitreal triamcinolone...

A 28 year-old man presented with sudden visual loss in his left eye. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/400 in the left eye. Fundus examination showed a whitish retinal lesion of the superotemporal quadrant involving the supero-temporal retinal vein branch with mild vitritis. Fluorescein angiography confirmed active retinochoroidal inflammation (black arrow) with del...

BACKGROUND To compare the effects of laser photocoagulation combined with subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide with photocoagulation alone, for diabetic cystoid macular edema. METHODS This retrospective comparative study analyzed data for 34 eyes with cystoid macular edema treated with photocoagulation alone (n=17) or combined with triamcinolone (n=17). All patients were followed for...