Minipigs represent a good animal model because of the physiologic and anatomic similarities they share with humans. Three cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A isozymes, CYP3A22, CYP3A29, and CYP3A46, have recently been reported to be expressed in Bamaminipigs, which have limited data relating to their metabolic characteristics. In the present study, Bama minipig CYP3A22, CYP3A29, and CYP3A46 were recombina...

Symptom exacerbation due to stress is prevalent in many disease states, including functional disorders of the urinary bladder (e.g., overactive (OAB), interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS)); however, mechanisms underlying effects on micturition reflex function are unclear. In this study we designed and evaluated a stress-induced symptom (SISE) mouse model that demonstrates increa...

This study aimed to construct a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of rifampicin that can accurately and quantitatively predict complex drug-drug interactions (DDIs) involving its saturable hepatic uptake and auto-induction. Using in silico and in vitro parameters, and reported clinical pharmacokinetic data, rifampicin PBPK model was built and relevant parameters for saturable h...

St John's wort (SJW), an extract of the medicinal plant Hypericum perforatum, is widely used as a herbal antidepressant. Recently, this agent has been found to adversely affect the metabolism of various coadministered drugs. Steroid X receptor (SXR), an orphan nuclear receptor, induces hepatic cytochrome P450 gene expression in response to diverse endogenous steroids, xenobiotics and drugs. Her...

In arthropods, periodic molting plays an important role in the growth, reproduction and morphogenesis. Periodic ecdysis is affected by a variety of environmental own factors, most which controlled concentration steroid hormones, ecdysone (Ecd) whose mainly active form 20-hydroxyecdysone(20E) hormone. Moreover, ecdysteroids play roles regulating development reproduction, CYP302al key enzyme bios...

A unique cytochrome P450 (CYP) oxidoreductase (CPR) sustains activities of human microsomal CYPs. Its function requires toggling between a closed conformation enabling electron transfers from NADPH to FAD and then FMN cofactors open conformations forming complexes transferring electrons We previously demonstrated that distinct features the hinge region linking domain (FD) modulate conformer pos...

Introduction: Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is an alkylating agent, which is used in different diseases. It has several important side effects on ovaries. Tribulus terrestris extract (TTE) has different steroidal saponins and has been used for a long time as an aphrodisiac. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of TTE on the toxicity of CYP in the ovary of rats. Methods: For...

BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are mono-oxygenases that metabolize endogenous compounds, such as fatty acids and lipid signaling molecules, and furthermore have a role in metabolism of xenobiotics. In order to investigate the role of CYP genes in fat metabolism at the molecular level, four Caenorhabditis elegans mutants lacking functional CYP-35A1, CYP-35A2, CYP-35A4, and CYP-35A5 were char...

Hemorrhagic cystitis is a recognizable complication of cyclophosphamide (CYP) attributable to its lively metabolite acrolein, which produces urothelial injury. The study intended examine the uroprotective efficacy total ginsenosides in Chinese ginseng (TGCG) CYP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. In total, 24 virgin female rats were randomized into four groups as follows: group 1 (control group; inj...