In this paper, the influence of the gas exchange process on the diesel engine thermal overload is provided. Main components involved in the gas exchange process are discussed. The ambient conditions, the turbocharger performance, and the valve timing that affect the gas exchange process have been investigated. Experiments were conducted to simulate ambient conditions at different geographical l...

Different optical techniques were applied to describe the thermal and chemical processes that occur in a SI small engine from the ported fuel injection and in-cylinder mixture formation to the combustion process and the exhaust emission. In PFI SI engines, the atomized fuel is sprayed towards the intake valves, where it may evaporate, puddle or rebound. Furthermore, a portion of the fuel may fl...

We reinterpret the well known Taub-singularity in terms of a cylinder symmetric geometry. It is shown that a cylindrical analog to the Einstein-Rosen bridge as well as a cosmic string will be present in the geometry. PACS numbers: 02.40.tm , 04.20.Jb Typeset using REVTEX Electronic address: BJensen@anyon.uio.no Electronic address: JKucera@elanor.sci.muni.cs and JKucera@csbrmu11.bitnet 1 It is a...

Adjustable throat-area expansion valves (ATAEV) are functioned as area regulator control units. In literatures, there are many expansion valves normally used in automotive air-conditioning systems, as regulator and electrical type valves. Nevertheless, a review study for such issue has not been introduced, according to the best of author knowledge. The present paper presents a review study for ...

Improving the characteristics of internal combustion engine an agricultural vehicle is possible by using a hydraulic actuator electronically controlled gas distribution valves. The drive ensures opening valves pistons cylinders when oil pumped into them, are closed valve springs drained from cylinders. advantages are: ability to turn off cylinders, increase in speed and closing mechanism, no ne...

In high speed and high precision machining applications, it is important to monitor the machining process in order to ensure high product quality. For this purpose, it is essential to develop a dynamometer with high sensitivity and high natural frequency which is suited to these conditions. This paper describes the design, calibration and performance of a milling torque sensor based on piezores...

We examined whether cross-bridge cycle models with one or two tension-generating steps can account for the force-velocity relation of and tension response to length steps of frog skeletal muscle. Transition-state theory defined the strain dependence of the rate constants. The filament stiffness was non-Hookean. Models were refined against experimental data by simulated annealing and downhill si...

Originally developed by NASA as high performance piston alloys to meet U.S. automotive legislation requiring low exhaust emission, the novel NASA alloys now offer dramatic increase in tensile strength for many other applications at elevated temperatures from 450°F (232°C) to about 750°F (400°C). It is an ideal low cost material for cast automotive components such as pistons, cylinder heads, cyl...

This study presents a basic idea for the self·excitation mechanism of reed valves in refrigerant compressors used for air conditioners or refrigera· tors. The detailed experimental data on the phase lag of fluid pressure, which were obtained from a forced vibration test on a simple axisymmetrical model, namely a resonator, composed of the valve, the valve plate, the cylinder and the piston, wer...